SALT 9th Science - Chp 10-11
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| evolution | the false belief that the universe and all that is in it originated by natural process over billions of years
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| index fossil | a fossil considered to be characteristic of a specific period
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| Eohippus | a dog-sized mammal once thought to be the ancestor of the horse
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| special creation | the belief that God called the universe and all that is in it into existence out of nothing or “ex nihilo”
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| limestone | the type of rock most commonly associated with caverns
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| uniformitarianism | the false belief that all geological processes have always proceeded at the same rate
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| mass wasting | general term for movements of rock and soil caused by gravity
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| ice wedging | a type of physical weathering that occurs when rainwater or melted ice soaks into tiny cracks in a rock and freezes, splitting the rock
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| punctuated equilibrium hypothesis | the evolutionary hypothesis that states new kinds of organisms arise as a result of drastic environmental changes, which cause the species to radically change in just a few generations
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| exfoliation | a type of mechanical weathering involving the breaking or peeling away of rock in layers, often associated with granite
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| Neanderthal man | presently is now recognized as 100% human
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| stalagmite | a spirelike mass of dripstone on the floor of a cave
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| natural selection | the idea that the fittest and strongest of each species are more likely to survive and reproduce than weaker or unfit members of the species
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| delta | a fan-shaped deposit of sediments that forms at the mouth of a river
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| load | the sediments carried by a stream
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| oxbow lake | a type of lake formed when a sharp curve in a river is cut off from the rest of the river
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| striae | large, deep grooves and scratches in rock, produced by glaciers
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| meander | a winding, looping curve in the course of a river on a soft, flat flood plain
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| loess | deposits of clay and silt left by a sandstorm
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| Charles Darwin | popularized evolution with the book On the Origin of Species
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| Homo habilis | a 3-foot tall, chimpanzeelike “missing link” wrongly classified in the same genus as man
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| flood plain | a region of level or nearly level land bordering a river, that becomes covered by river water in flood time
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| Charles Lyell | the geologist who popularized uniformitarianism
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| weathering | the process by which rocks are broken down by the forces of nature
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| Seymouria | a “missing link” once thought to be a transitional form between amphibians and reptiles; now recognized as a true amphibian
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| transitional forms | a hypothetical fossil that would show signs of evolving from one kind of organism into another; a “missing link”
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| drainage basin | the region of land drained by a stream or river system
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| australopithecines | group of extinct apes to which “Lucy” belongs
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| fossils | the preserved remains of plants, animals, or humans in sedimentary rock
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| carbonic acid | a natural acid found in rainwater and ground water that promotes chemical weathering of rocks
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| Coelecanth | a “missing link” once thought to be a transitional form between fish and amphibians; found alive in 1938 and discovered to be 100% fish
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| sea stack | a pillar-like structure of rock formed when the middle of a sea arch collapses
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| Homo erectus | “upright man”
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| Ice Age | the period of history during which much of the earth’s high latitudes were apparently covered with glaciers
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| drumlin | a low hill formed when a glacier overruns a moraine
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| theistic evolution | a modified form of evolutionary hypothesis that attempts to reconcile the Bible and evolution
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| abrasion | sandblasting action of windblown sand
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| paleontology | the study of fossils
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| levee | a natural ridge along the edge of a river channel
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| geologic column | a hypothetical time scale devised by evolutionists that supposedly charts both the earth’s history and the sequence of the rock layers in the earth’s crust
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| Archaeopteryx | a “missing link” once thought to be a transitional form between reptiles and birds; now considered a true bird
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| karst regions | regions of the earth’s surface where limestone is exposed and abundant
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| moraines | the piles of debris left behind when a glacier melts
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| water table | the level of standing ground water beneath the earth’s surface
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| alluvial fan | a fan-shaped deposit of sediments at the mouth of a dry stream bed in the desert
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| erosion | the process by which soil, sand, or rock fragments produced by weathering are carried away by wind or water
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| principle of uniformity | states that the same scientific laws in operation today have existed throughout the earth’s history
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| polystrate fossils | fossils that extend through several strata
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| Where is the geological column found in its entirety in the earth’s crust? | nowhere
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| What is the most important evidence against evolution in the fossil record? | the lack of transitional forms
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| three ways to prevent erosion | planting trees, grasses, or other vegetation; careful planning of drainage systems; terracing; strip-cropping; construction of artificial levees and dams; planting of dune-living grasses; construction of windbreak fences and breakwaters
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| two types of weathering | physical weathering, chemical weathering
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| two types of glaciers | continental glacier, valley glacier
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| three types of sand dunes | crescent dunes, parabolic dunes, transverse dunes
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