Triplett Ch1Larson
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Data | consist of information coming from observations, counts, measurements, or responses.
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| Statistics | the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to make decisions.
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| Population | the set of all people or items that are of interest.
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| Sample | a subset of a population
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| Parameter | a numerical description of a population characteristic.
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| Statistic | a numerical description of a sample characteristic.
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| Descriptive statistics | the branch of statistics that involves the organization, summarization, and display of data.
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| Inferential statistics | the branch of statistics that involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population. A basic tool in the study of inferential statistics is probability.
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| Qualitative data | consist of attributes, labels, or nonnumerical entries.
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| Quantitative data | consist of numerical measurements or counts.
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| Nominal level of measurement | qualitative only. Data at this level are categorized using names, labels, or qualities. No mathematical computations can be made at this level and there is no order.
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| Ordinal level of measurement | qualitative or quantitative data. Data at this level can be arranged in order, or ranked, but differences between data entries are not meaningful.
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| Interval level of measurement | data that can be ordered, and you can calculate meaningful differences between data entries. At this level, a zero entry simply represents a position on a scale; the entry is not an inherent zero.
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| Ratio level of measurement | data that are similar to data at the interval level, with the added property that a zero entry is an inherent zero. A ratio of two data values can be formed so that one data value can be meaningfully expressed as a multiple of another.
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| Observational study | a method of gathering data in which a researcher observes and measures the characteristics of interest of part of a population but does not change existing conditions.
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| Experiment | a method of gathering data in which a researcher applies a treatment to part of the population and then observes and measures the responses of interest of part of a population.
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| Simulation | a method of gathering data that uses a mathematical or physical model to reproduce the conditions of an impractical, expensive, or dangerous situation or process.
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| Survey | a method of gathering data which is an investigation carried out by asking people questions by interview, mail, or telephone.
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| Confounding variable | occurs when an experimenter cannot tell the difference between the effects of different factors on a variable.
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| Simple random sample | every possible sample of the same size has the same chance of being selected. Individuals/items are randomly chosen from the entire population
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| Stratified sample | a sampling technique used when it is important to have members/items from each segment of the population; the population is divided into subsets that share a similar characteristic and some members/items of each group are randomly selected for the study.
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| Cluster sample | a sampling technique used when the population falls into naturally occurring subgroups, each sharing similar characteristics; the subgroups are randomly selected and then all members/items of the selected subgroups are included in the study
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| Systematic sample | a sampling technique in which each member/item of the population is assigned a number, a starting point is randomly selected, and sample members/items are chosen at regular intervals from the starting number.
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| Convenience sample | a sampling technique that often leads to biased studies because it consists of only readily available members/items of the population. This method is not recommended.
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