characteristics of life and biochemistry
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the science or study of microscopic life forms | microbiology
🗑
|
||||
| 6 characteristics of life | reproduce, carry out metablic processes, grow by assimilation, respond to stimuli, ability to mutate and maintain organization
🗑
|
||||
| division of one cell into 2 new daughter cells is called | fission
🗑
|
||||
| reorganization of genetic materials and results in a genetically unique individual is called | sexual reproduction
🗑
|
||||
| fission is a form of ___ as id does not involve a reorganization of genetic material | asexual
🗑
|
||||
| the process organisms use to take in materials from their environment break them down and reorganize them into new cellular components | assimilation
🗑
|
||||
| all the chemical reactions that take place within living organisms | metabolism
🗑
|
||||
| breakdown reactions vs building reactions | catabolism vs anabolism
🗑
|
||||
| a characteristic of living organisms is ___ to environmental stimuli or changes in their environments (internal and external) | response
🗑
|
||||
| rapid responses that typically involve movement is referred to as | irritability or behavior
🗑
|
||||
| a slow response to change in environment | adaptation
🗑
|
||||
| changes in DNA and RNA is called | mutation
🗑
|
||||
| changes in populations over time | evolution
🗑
|
||||
| living substance that all cells are made of | protoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| the chemical and physical basis for life is | protoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| elements that make up about 99% of all living organisms by weight are | C H O P K I N S Ca Fe Mg Na Cl
🗑
|
||||
| 5 elements that make up about 96% of the weight of living organisms | C H O N P
🗑
|
||||
| ___ are combinations of atoms joined together by chemical bonds | Molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Inorganic compound essential to life as we know it | water
🗑
|
||||
| having an unequal distribution of charge | polar molecules
🗑
|
||||
| water is made up of ___ molecules | polar
🗑
|
||||
| reactions that involve the splitting of organic compounds by adding water is called | hydrolysis reactions
🗑
|
||||
| reactions that involve the formation of larger molecules by removing water | dehydration synthesis or condensation reactions
🗑
|
||||
| hydro= and lysis= | water and to split
🗑
|
||||
| what molecule is essential to transport and helps to maintain cell size and shape | H2O
🗑
|
||||
| what molecule resists temperature change and with ions it can conduct electricity | water
🗑
|
||||
| water as a solid is ___ dense that it is as a liquid | less dense
🗑
|
||||
| what are charged particles of matter | ions
🗑
|
||||
| __ will dissociate in water to form ions | electrolytes
🗑
|
||||
| positively charged particle | cation
🗑
|
||||
| negatively charged particle | anion
🗑
|
||||
| organic compounds are those containing ___ with the exception of what 3 | carbon exception of CO, CO2 and HCO3-
🗑
|
||||
| organic molecule that is very large being composed of repeating smaller units | polymers
🗑
|
||||
| organic compound made up of CHO and sometimes N | carbohydrates (sugars and starches)
🗑
|
||||
| simple sugar molecules | monosaccharides
🗑
|
||||
| __ may contain 3,4,5,6, or 7 carbon atoms | monosaccharides
🗑
|
||||
| molecular formula C6H1206 and include glucose, fructose, galactose, and mannose | Hexose monosaccharides
🗑
|
||||
| molecular formula C5H10O5 arabinose, rhamnose, ribose, and deoxyribose | pentose monosaccharides
🗑
|
||||
| sugar units bond to hydroxyl groups they form ___ and the bond between the 2 is called ____ | glycosides and glycosidic linkage
🗑
|
||||
| when 2 monosaccharides bind toegther via a glycosidic linkage they form ___ by using what type of reaction | disaccharide and dehydration synthesis reaction
🗑
|
||||
| lactose maltose, and sucrose are the 3 most common_____ | disaccharides
🗑
|
||||
| glucose + fructose is | sucrose (table sugar)
🗑
|
||||
| 2 glucose molecules are | maltose
🗑
|
||||
| glucose + galactose | lactose (milk sugar)
🗑
|
||||
| glucose + galactose + fructose | Raffinose (a trisaccharide)
🗑
|
||||
| what molecules are sweet to the taste and soluble in water | sugar molecules
🗑
|
||||
| are polymers made up of many monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds | polysaccharides
🗑
|
||||
| chains of four to six sugar units may be referred to as | oligosaccharides
🗑
|
||||
| most common ___ are starch, glycogen, cellulose, and agar | polysaccharides
🗑
|
||||
| the storage product of plants | starch (a polysaccharide)
🗑
|
||||
| the chief storage product in animals | glycogen
🗑
|
||||
| the primary structural component of wood | cellulose
🗑
|
||||
| ___ are not sweet or soluble | polysaccharides
🗑
|
||||
| the most common biochemicals found are | carbohydrates
🗑
|
||||
| carbohydrates can bind with proteins involved as recrptor sites on cell surfaces to form | glycoproteins
🗑
|
||||
| enzymes, antibodies, flagellins are all | proteins
🗑
|
||||
| contain the elements CHON and sometimes S | proteins
🗑
|
||||
| small repeating units are called | amino acids
🗑
|
||||
| __ all possess a carboxyle group at an end and amino group at another end | amino acids
🗑
|
||||
| -NH2 | amino group
🗑
|
||||
| COOH | carboxyl group
🗑
|
||||
| amino acids are bounded by ___ bonds called ____ | covalent bonds and peptide bonds
🗑
|
||||
| long string of peptide bonds | polypeptide
🗑
|
||||
| formation of peptide bonds involves ___ synthesis | dehydration
🗑
|
||||
| most important factors makeing one protein different from the next is the number of ______ ______ present and their arrangement | amino acids
🗑
|
||||
| sequence of amino acids arranged is the ___ structure of proteins | primary
🗑
|
||||
| development of a helix or pleated sheet due to hydrogen bonding between amino acids | secondary structure
🗑
|
||||
| folding of a protein into a globular form | tertiary structure
🗑
|
||||
| when a protein contains more than one polypeptide chain | quaternary structure
🗑
|
||||
| proteins function as a source of ___ and _____ | carbon and energy
🗑
|
||||
| ___ are like phospholipids in that they are amphipathic or amphiphilic | proteins
🗑
|
||||
| fats, oils, waxes, phopholipids and steroids are | lipids
🗑
|
||||
| __ always contain CHO and often P and N | lipids
🗑
|
||||
| ___ are soluble in organic solvents rather than water (are hydrophobic) | lipids
🗑
|
||||
| complexes composed of 3 fatty acid molecules attached to a single molecule of flycerol | triglyceride
🗑
|
||||
| saturated or unsaturated depends on the number of ___ atoms | H
🗑
|
||||
| contain maximum number of H atoms | saturated fatty acids
🗑
|
||||
| 2 or more double bonds formed between C persent within a fatty acid is it | polyunsaturated
🗑
|
||||
| reduction in H due to double or triple bonds between C atoms in a lipid makes it | unsaturated
🗑
|
||||
| fats and oils are mixtures of various types of ___ | triglycerides
🗑
|
||||
| carnuba and lanolin are examples of types of | waxes (lipids)
🗑
|
||||
| __ have a structure similar to triglycerides but the alcohol is larger | waxes
🗑
|
||||
| __ are similar to triglycerides but one fatty acid chain is replaced by a polar phosphate group | phospholipids
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
JohnPink
Popular Nursing sets