lecture unit one - homeostasis physiological rhythms
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| the study of function or how the body works | physiology
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| levels of organization of the body | elementary particles--atoms--molecules--organelles--cells--tissues--organs--organ systems--organism
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| maintenance of a stable steady internal environment of constancy of environment | homeostasis
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| 3 associated areas of physiology | anatomy, physic, chemistry
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| ___ regulate the activities of all body parts | homeostatic processes
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| deviations from ___ ___ trigger reactions that work to counteract or reverse the change | stable conditions
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| a principle which demonstrates the effects of various factors or conditions on functional efficiency of the bodily processes | law of the maximum and minimum
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| pH, temperature, ion balance, sugar, are factors that applies to | law of the maximum and minimum
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| optimal range or range of tolerance is known as | law of the maximum and minimum
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| a control mechanism in which a response feeds back to the original point of stimulation | basic feedback mechanism
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| 3 basic components of basic feedback mechanism | receptors, modulators, effectors
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| stimulus--_____----_____-----_____---response | stimulus---receptor--modulator--effector-- response
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| specialized sensory cells/tissues | receptors
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| what are called control points or control centers | modulators
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| muscles and glands which may affect other tissues are called | effectors
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| negative and positive feedback are types of | feedback mechanisms
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| the response cancels or counteracts the original stimulus is known as | negative feedback
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| body temperature control is an ex of a type of | negative feedback
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| the response amplifies or enhances the original stimulus is known as | positive feedback
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| labor contractions is an ex of | positive feedback
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| 2 sources of homeostatic control are | intrinsic and extrinsic
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| control coming from within an organ/tissue via chemicals produced within the organ/tissue itself | intrinsic
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| control comes from outside the organ | extrinsic
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| regulation by nervouse system via neurotransmitters is a type of ___ homeostatic control that lasts in duration | extrinsic and quicker and shorter in duration
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| regulation by endocrine system bia hormones is a type of ____ homeostatic control that lasts in duration | extrinsic and slower and longer in duration
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| biorhythms that fluctuate or cycle every 24 hourse are referred toas | circadian rhythms
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| homeostatic mechanisms allow bodily functions to fluctuate within narrow limits | physiological rhythms
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| ___ allow bodily functions to have a dynamic equilibrium | physiological rhythms
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| fluctuations thend to follow wave patterns called | biorhythms or physiological rhythms
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| most important tissue, the ____ may acts as a biological clock | hypothalamus
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| jet lag, work rotation, radical sleep schedule are causes of | desynchronosis
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| effects of ___ are decrease congitive function, general depression , off sleep cycle, decrease visual acuity | desynchronosis
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| circadian rhythms are controlled internally by a ___ which can be set by various external stimuli most important being ___ | biological clock and light
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