HumanBody10
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| CNS central nervous system consists of | brain and spinal cord
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| PNS peripheral nervous system consists of | the nerves that branch from the brain and spinal cord
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| three types of neurons | sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons
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| somatic nervous system | voluntary portion of the PNS
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| autonomic nervous system (ANS) | The involuntary portion of the PNS
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| Sympathetic | subdivisions of the ANS, which adapts the body to periods of stress or threats and is often referred to as the "fight or flight system"
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| Parasympathetic | subdivisions of the ANS, most active during ordinary, relaxed conditions and is sometimes called the "rest and repose system."
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| Cell of NS | Neurons (nerve cell), Glia (support cell)
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| Neuron parts | cell body, dendrites, axon
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| sensory neurons | transmit impulse to spinal cord and brain from all parts of body. Aka "afferent neurons"
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| Motor neurons | transmit impulses away from brain and spinal cord. Conduct impulse to muscle & glandular epithelial tissue. Aka"efferent neurons"
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| Interneurons | conduct impulse from sensory neurons to motor neurons. Aka " central or connecting neurons"
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| Axon | surrounded by segmented wrapping Myelin.
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| Myelin | fatty substance formed by Schwann cells
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| Nodes of Ranvier | indentation between adjacent Schwann cells
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| Neurilemma | outer cell membrane of a Schwann cell.
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| Neuroglia (glia) | holds functioning neurons together and protect them
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| Glioma | brain tumor developed from glia
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| astrocytes | glia cells, many sizes, star-like, threadlike extension
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| Microglia | smaller than astrocytes, usually stationary. can digest damaged cell.
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| ogliodendrocytes | hold nerve fibers together in peripheral nervous system only
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| multiple sclerosis (MS) | myelin disorder. myelin loss of destruction with oligodendrocyte injury and death
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| neuroma | general name for tumors arising in NS structure
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| white matter | bundles of axons that are myelinated
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| gray matter | unmyelinated axon
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| reflex arc | neuron pathway, innervate muscle contraction or gland secretion
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| receptors | are the beginning of dendrites of sensory neurons
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| effector | muscle or glands that are innervated by a nerve impulse along a motor neuron in a reflex arc
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| organs of the nervous system | brain, spinal cord and nerves
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| Cells that conduct impulses | neurons
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| white matters of CNS | Bundles of myelinated fibers
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| saltatory conduction | action potential seems to “jump” from node to node along a myelinated fiber
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| pia mater | innermost layer of the meninges
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| modulla oblongata, midbrain and pons | three divisions of the brain that make up the brainstem
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| cerebellum | second largest part of the brain, located just below the posterior portion of the cerebrum
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| cranial nerve | Nerves that originate from the brain
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| pairs of spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord | 31
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| obligodendroglia | glia cell produces the myelin that envelopes the nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord
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| ventricles | large fluid-filled spaces within the brain
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| choroid plexus | Formation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs here
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| dermatome | Skin surface area supplied by a single spinal nerve
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| The limbic system integrates | emotion
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| autonomic nervous system ANS | subdivision of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions
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| autonomic nervous system can be divided into | parasympathetic and sympathetic
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| effect of sympathetic stimulation on the blood vessels in skeletal muscles is | dilation
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| cranial nerve responsible for the sense of smell | olfactory
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| Axon terminals of autonomic neurons release | Norepinephrine and Acetylcholine
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| Medulla oblongata | Lowest part of the brainstem
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| cerebellum | Second largest part of the brain
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| cerebrovascular accident | Stroke
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| Neuroblastoma | Affects young children–highly malignant tumor
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| Hypothalamus, thalamus, pineal gland | A division of the diencephalon
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| Hemiplegia | Paralysis of one side of the body
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| synapse | signal transmission from one neuron to next
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| Neurotransmitter | chemical for neurons to communicate
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| PNS | cranial and spinal nerves
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| Meninges | protective covering of CNS
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| frontal lobe | is the motor area and affects the personality, conscious thought, emotions, and memory
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| occipital lobe | affects vision and vision-related reflexes and functions
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| temporal lobe | affects hearing, smell, taste, and memory storage
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| acetylcholine | is a Neurotransmitter
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| Cholinergic fibers | secrete the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach) into the synapse and are located on the sympathetic preganglionic neurons, parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
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| Adrenergic fibers | secrete norepinephrine (NE) into the synapse and are located on the sympathetic postganglionic neurons.
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| ganglia | AKA peripheral junction box
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| Beta blockers | classification of drugs that block the binding of norepinephrine and epinephrine
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| Voluntary | functionality of somatic nervous system
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| craniosacral system | also refer to as Parasympathetic system
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| thoracolumbar system | also refer to as Sympathetic system
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| hypothalamus | influence the release of hormones of the endocrine system
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| catecholamines | classification neurotransmitters Dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
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| Thalamus | play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum
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| mixed cranial nerve | carries both sensory and motor fibers
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| Somatic nervous system | The voluntary portion of the peripheral nervous system
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| Autonomic nervous system | The involuntary portion of the peripheral nervous system
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| Sympathetic /Parasympathetic | subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system
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| Sympathetic | fight or flight system
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| dendrite | highly branched part of the neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body
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| microglia | cells that act as microbe-eating scavengers in the CNS
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| Schwann cells | cells tha make myelin for axons outside the CNS
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| astrocytes | glia cells that help form the blood-brain barrier
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| obligodendroclyte | cells that make myelin for axons inside CNS
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| medulla oblongata | part of the brainstem that contains cardiac, resporatory, and vasomotor centers
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| pons | part of brainstem that is a conduction pathway between the brain and body
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| midbrain | part of brainstem that contains relays for visual and auditory impulses
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| amines | neurotransmitters that synthesized from amino acid molecules
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| fissures | deepest sulci (groove)
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