HumanBody9
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| Types of skeletal muscle contraction | Twitch, Tetanic, isotonic, Isometric
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| orbicularis oris | draws lips together know as the kissing muscle
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| gastrocnemius | Plantar flexing ankle, also known as the toe dancer muscle
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| Fixator | muscle generally functions as a joint stabilizer
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| zygomaticus | elevates corners of mouth and lips, aka smiling muscle
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| Semitendinosus | flexes knee, hamstring muscle
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| Lever | any rigid bar free to turn about a fixed point called its fulcrum
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| Rectus fermoris | extends the knee, a quadriceps femoris muscle
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| synergists | muscle that contracts same time as the prime mover, assists the prime mover in producing movement
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| Triceps brachii | flexes elbow, aka boxer's muscle
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| prime mover (agonist) | responsible for producing a particular movement
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| origin | point of attachment that does not move when muscle contracts
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| Tendons | anchor muscles firmly to bones. They are cordlike structures composed of dense fibrous connective tissue.
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| endomysium | Muscle cells (muscle fibers) are covered by connective tissue membrane
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| perimysium. | Groups of the muscle fibers are then held together by a tough connective tissue envelope
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| antagonist | produces a movement opposite to the prime mover and synergist
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| Muscle tone | maintains posture, which encourages body parts to remain in the position that favors proper function
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| posture | maintaining proper body alignment and keeping the body's center of gravity over its base so that there is minimal strain on muscles.
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| Muscles (posture) | maintain posture by the property of tonicity.
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| Function of skeleton muscle | Movement, posture, maintenance of body temperature
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| First-Class Levers: | the fulcrum lies between the pull and the load. They serve as levers of stability.
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| Second-Class Levers: | the load lies between the fulcrum and the joint at which the pull is exerted. The presence of this type of lever in the body is controversial.
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| Third-Class Levers: | pull is exerted between the fulcrum and the resistance or load to be moved. This permits rapid and extensive movement. This is the most common type of lever found in the body.
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| Deltoid | means triangular.
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| Latissimus | means wide
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| Rectus | means straight direction of muscle fibers
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| Transverse | means across direction of muscle fibers
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| Oblique | means diagonal direction of muscle fibers
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| Circularis | means circular direction of muscle fibers
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| Pectoralis | means chest. muscle location
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| Gluteus | means buttock. muscle location
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| Brachii | means arm muscle location
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| used in naming muscles | size, shape, direction of fibers, location, number of attachments, origin, insertion, and action
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| arrangement of muscle fibers | parallel, convergent, oblique, pennate (feather-like), spiral, circular, and curved.
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| Skeletal muscle | has cross striations (striae) throughout and is sometimes referred to as striated muscle.
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| Cardiac muscle | comprises the musculature of the heart. It too has striations but is considered involuntary
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| Smooth muscle | has no striations and is, therefore, smooth in appearance. It, too, is involuntary and is sometimes referred to as visceral muscle because of its location in many visceral structures.
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| Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac | The three types of muscle tissue
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| protein actin | is one of the myofilaments, that make up the sacromere
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| Sacromere | The contractile unit of a muscle cell
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| sliding filament modal (theory) | model of how a skeletal muscle contracts
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| threshold stimulus | minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract
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| orbicularis oculi | closes eye
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| Isotonic contraction | movement at joint, muscle changes length, the insertion end moves relative to the point of origin
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| Isometric contraction | does not always produces movement; increase tensionwithin muscle. (pulling against load)
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| Actin | protein of thin myofilaments
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| Myosin | protein of thick myofilaments
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| primary function of muscular system | Movement, Posture, Heat production
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| Abduction | movement away from midline
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| Adduction | movement toward the midline
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| Pronation | hand position turned towards anterior palm up
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| Suspination | hand position towards posterior palm down
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| Plantar flexion | ankle movement bottom of foot pointing downwards like standing on toes
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| Dorsiflexion | ankle movement dorsum or top of foot is elevated, toes pointing up
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| Rotation | movement around a longitudinal axis, pivot joint
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| Inversion | ankle movement bottom of foot upwards and faces towards midline of body
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| Eversion | ankle movement bottom of foot towards side of body
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| insertion | muscle attachment to the more movable bone
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| origin | muscle attachment to the more stationary bone
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| ATP | molecule , supplies energy for muscle contraction
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| Lactic acid | waste product produced by energy supplying process that does not require oxygene
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| Motor unit | single motor neuron with all muscle cells it innervates
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| Strain | excessive stretching or tearing of muscle fibers
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| fibromyositis | inflammation of muscle and tendon
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| poliomyelitis | viral infection of motor nerves. may progress life- threatening paralysis
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| muscular dystrophy | group of muscle disorders characterized by muscle atrophy
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| mayastenia gravis | autoimmune muscle disease characterized by weakness and chronic fatigue
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| sprain | also known as torn ligament, is damage to one or more ligaments in a joint,
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