Blood, Lymph, and Immune- Reveiw
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| Describe platelets | Thrombocytes
Smallest formed elements found in the blood
Not true cells; fragments of cells
Initiate blood clotting
Hemostasis
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| Describe red blood cells | Transport O2/CO2
Most numerous circulating blood cells
During erythropoiesis they decrease in size
Develop Hb/Hgb (give them their red color)
Hb carries 02 to body tissues and exchanges it for C02
Shaped like biconcave disks
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| Describe the spleen | Acts as a filter
Resembles a lymph node
Destroys old RBCs
Stores healthy blood cells
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| Describe the thymus | Responsible for cellular immunity
Transforms lymphocytes into T cells
Located in the mediastinum
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| Describe the tonsils | Masses of lymphatic tissue (palatine) located in the pharynx
Protect upper respiratory structures
Acts as filters
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| Describe white blood cells | Protect the body from pathogens
Remove debris from injured tissue
Aid in healing process
Diapedesis
Initiate inflammation and immune response
Phagocytic
Granulocyte or agranulocyte
Migrate through capillaries and venules
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| List autoimmune diseases. | AIDS
Allergies
Myasthenia gravis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Thrombocytopenia
Vasculitis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
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| What is the function histamines? | Initiate the inflammatory process by increasing blood flow
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| What are the two ducts of the lymph system? | Right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct
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| What are the four types of T cells? | -Cytotoxic -Suppressor
-Helper -Memory
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| What are the functions of the lymph system? | Maintain fluid balance
Transport lipids away from the GI system
Filter and remove unwanted infectious products
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| What is an allergy? | Acquired abnormal immune response
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| What is hematology? | Study blood cells, blood-clotting mechanisms, bone marrow and lymph nodes
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| What is heparin? | Acts to prevent blood from clotting at the injury site
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| Where do blood cells develop from? | Stem cells
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| edema | Abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular
spaces of the body
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| hemosiderosis | Abnormal increase of iron in the blood
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| leukocytosis | Abnormal increase of white cells
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| lymphadenopathy | Any disease of the lymph nodes
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| antiserum | Blood serum that contains antibodies
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| megakaryocyte | Cell with a large nucleus; fragments become
platelets
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| pernicious anemia | Chronic, progressive anemia due to lack of
sufficient vitamin B12
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| phagocytosis | Condition of ingesting cells
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| leukopenia | Decrease in white blood cells
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| thrombolysis | Destruction of a clot
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| hemolytic anemia | Destruction of RBCs, commonly resulting in
jaundice
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| dyspnea | Difficulty breathing
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| adenopathy | Disease of a gland
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| vertigo | Dizziness
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| splenomegaly | Enlargement of the spleen
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| thymectomy | Excision of the thymus gland
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| autoimmune disease | Failure of the body to accurately distinguish
between what is “self” and what is “non-self”
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| hematopoiesis | Formation of blood cells and platelets in bone marrow
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| reticulocyte | Immature RBC
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| folic-acid deficiency anemia | Inability to produce sufficient RBCs
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| transfusion | infusion of blood or blood products from one person
to another
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| sickle cell anemia | Inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become
crescent- or sickle-shaped
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| iron-deficiency anemia | Lack of sufficient iron in RBCs
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| monocyte | Leukocyte that is phagocytic
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| eosinophil | Leukocyte that protects by releasing toxins to destroy
harmful invaders
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| basophil | Leukocyte that releases histamines and heparin
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| hematoma | Localized accumulation of blood
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| erythrocyte | Mature red blood cell
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| phlebotomy | Obtaining blood for testing purposes
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| immunologist | One who specializes in the study of protection
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| hypochromic | Pertaining to decrease of colour
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| hemoglobin | Plasma protein; carries O2 to body tissues
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| thrombocyte | Platelet; initiates blood clotting
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| sepsis | Presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood;
also called septicemia or blood poisoning
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| antibody | Protects against antigens
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| lymphocytes | Provides protection form bacteria by producing
antibodies
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| erythema | Redness of the skin
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| anemia | Reduction in the number of circulating red blood
cells
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| myeloid | Resembling bone marrow
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| aplastic anemia | Serious form of anemia associated with bone marrow
failure
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| antigen | Substance recognized as harmful to the host
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| blood culture | Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the
bloodstream
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| plasma | The liquid portion of blood
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| neutrophil | The most numerous WBC
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| morphology | The study of shape
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| viscous | Thick, sticky
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| lymphoma | Tumour of lymph tissue
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| granulocyte | Type of WBC containing granules; formed in the
red bone marrow
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| agranulocyte | Type of white blood cell without granules
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| leukocytes | White blood cell
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