Infection Control Review
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| What does mode of transmission mean? | how microorganisms travel between hosts
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| direct contact | person-person
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| indirect contact | person-object-person
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| droplet transmission | coughs or sneezes
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| vehicle route | transmission via food, water, body fluids
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| airborne transmission | dust,evaporated droplets, particles of hair/ skin, ventilation systems
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| vector transmission | bird, animal, or insect
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| normal flora | Natural to the body, do not cause disease.
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| bacteria | Single-celled organisms that multiply by cell division, some cause infection, non-pathogenic.
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| viruses | Cannot live on their own, need a host cell to multiply, very small organism, not seen by regular microscope.
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| fungi | Single-celled, uses spores to reproduce.
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| protozoa | Single-celled, found mostly in contaminated water and sewage systems. ie. Beaver Fever
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| How should you treat someone with HIV/AIDS | respect, empathy, acceptance, dignity, warmth
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| What are standard precautions? | PPE gloves, gowns, aprons, masks, protective eyewear. Protection from cross-contamination.
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| What are the contraindications for MMR? | sesitivity, immunoglobulin, pregnancy
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| What is a pathogen? | microorganism causing disease
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| What is chemical disinfection used for? | used for heat sensitive disease
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| What is medical asepsis? | killing germs after they leave the body
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| What is surgical asepsis? | sterilization-destroy all pathogens before they enter the body
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| What is the most effective method of preventing the spread of infectious organisms? | hand washing
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| why do vaccines work? | the body responds in the same manner, whether exposed naturally or via a vaccine. Build up an immunity.
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| What does chain of infection mean? | if one of the links of the chain of infection breaks, it cannot continue.
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| how can AIDS be transmitted? | unprotected sex, shared needles/drugs equipment, injury from a needle or sharp with contaminated blood (tattoos, acupuncture, body piercings)
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| what is the "universal disinfectant"? | bleach
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| What is postexposure prophylaxis? | immediate and preventative treatment to prevent infection after exposure to a dangerous virus
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| autoclave | a device using steam for sterilization
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| antigen | a pathogen or any other substance that induces an antibody response
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| antibody | a protein specific to a certain antigen that weakens or destroys pathogens
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| nosocomial infection | a hospital-related infection; one that is not present or incubating when a patient is admitted to a hospital or a healthcare facility
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| systemic infection | an infection that has spread to more than one region of the body
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| sharp | any instrument with a sharp edge or point, such as a scalpel, scissors, or a needle
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| topical | applied to the skin or affected area
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| anaerobic bacteria | bacteria that do not require oxygen to grow
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| aerobic bacteria | bacteria that require oxygen to grow
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| teratogenic | Causing abnormalities in the fetus.
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| antiseptic | A cleaning agent applied to living tissue to destroy pathogens
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| latent infection | One in which the symptoms disappear and recur, while the disease-causing agent remains in the body.
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| sterile | Completely free of pathogens.
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| sterilant | A substance that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life in an inanimate environment.
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| disinfectant | A chemical substance that destroys or eliminates specific species of infectious microorganisms. It is not usually effective against bacterial spores.
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| infection | A disease process that results from the entry and spread of a microorganism.
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| contagious/communicable disease | A disease that is spread from person to person.
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| immunity | An individual's ability to fight off disease.
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| active infection | An infection in which signs and symptoms are present.
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| otitis media | An infection of the middle ear.
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| acute infection | An infection that is time limited.
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| quarantine | Isolating or separating a client, client-care unit or facility.
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| bactericidal | Killing microorganisms.
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| local infection | An infection that is confined to a specific region of the body.
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| sanitization | Removal of gross contaminations and some microorganisms from instruments, skin, and so on, the lowest level of medical hygiene.
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| sterile techniques | Methods to avoid contamination of sterile materials.
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| pathogen | A microorganism that causes disease.
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| disinfection | A more thorough removal of contaminants than sanitization but less thorough than sterilization.
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| nonpathogenic | Non causing disease.
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| opportunistic infection | An infection that does not ordinarily cause disease but does so under certain circumstances, for example, in compromised immune systems; so called because it takes advantage of an ""opportunity".
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| microorganism | An organism so small that it can only be seen under a microscope.
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| remission | A period in which a chronic infection shoes no symptoms.
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| exacurbation | A period in which a chronic infection shows symptoms.
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| chronic infection | One that is persistent over a long period of time, perhaps life.
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| sanitizer | A substance that significantly reduces the bacterial population in an inanimate environment but does not destroy all bacteria or other microorganisms.
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| bacteriostatic | Reducing or inhibiting the number of microorganisms.
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| relapse | The re-emergence of an initial infection after it appears to have subsided but has not been cured.
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| recurrent infection | A distinct episode of an infection after recovery from the initial infection; may involve the same pathogens or different ones.
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| immunoglobulin | A serum that contains antibodies that can help protect an exposed person from contracting the disease.
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| asepsis | A state in which pathogens are absent or reduced. There are two principal types of asepsis: medical and surgical.
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| sterilization | The process of destroying all microorganisms, including bacterial endospores and viruses. The highest level of cleanliness.
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| virulence | The power of a microbe to produce a disease in a particular host.
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| contamination | The presence of pathogens on an object.
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| post exposure prophylasis | Treatment after exposure to a pathogen.
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| asymptomatic | Without clinical signs or symptoms.
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