Ch. 21 Cells pg. 500 - 510
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| cell | most basic unit of life. Considered the building block of the human body
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| 3 components of cells | 1. cell membrane
2. cytoplasm
3. nucleus
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| cell membrane | -has receptors that identify cell (lock and key)
-helps in communication between cells
-regulates movement in and out of cell
-some have cilia or flagella
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| cytoplasm | fluid inside cell that contains organelles
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| nucleus | -controls every organelle in cytoplasm
-contains chromatin
-DNA is contained in chromosomes of the cell
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| Endoplasmic Retuiculum | -organelle
1. rough - ribosomes attached
2. smooth - no ribosomes
- responsible for transporting protein
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| ribosomes | -organelle
-protein factory of the cell that are responsible for transporting proteins
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| Golgi apparatus | -organelle
-tiny flattened sacs that help process and package chemicals in the cell
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| Mitochondria | -organelle
-"powerhouse" of the cell, responsible for the production of ATP
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| Lysosomes | -organelle
-digestive bags in the cell
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| centrioles | -organelle
-small paired rods important in cellular division
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| DNA | -mandatory for cell reproduction
-provides the cell's genetic make-up
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| interstitial fluid | makes up empty space between cells
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| cell division | mitosis and cytokinesis
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| 5 stages of Mitosis | 1. Prophase
2. Prometaphase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase
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| Prophase | centrioles have replicated, moved to opposite ends of the cell creating spindle fibers between them
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| Prometaphase | centrioles move to the poles of the cell
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| Metaphase | Chromosomes move to the middle and line up along the center of the cell
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| Anaphase | 2 daughter chromosomes (chromatids) move to the opposite ends
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| Telophase | cytoplasm division occurs and mitosis is completed
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| epithelial tissue | covers the body and lines many parts of the body1.
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| connective tissue | most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body
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| 3 types of muscle tissue | 1. voluntary / striated
2. Involuntary / smooth
3. cardiac
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| nerve tissue | allows rapid communication between various parts of the body
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| 3 types of passive transport (does not require energy) | 1. diffusion
2. osmosis
3. filtration
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| diffusion | - type of passive transport
- substance scatters throughout available space
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| osmosis | - type of passive transport
- water moves from area of high concentration to area of low concentration
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| filtration | - type of passive transport
- requires form of pressure
- movement of water and solutes due to hudrostatic pressure
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| 2 types of active transport (requires energy) | 1. phagocytosis (eats)
2. pinocytosis (drinks)
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| phagocytosis | cell engulfs or "eats" solid particles such as bacteria
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| pinocytosis | "drinks"
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| genetics | study of the hereditary make-up of animals and plants
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| genes | made up of DNA
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| Genetic disorders | 1. albinism
2. color deficiency
3. hemophilia
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| albinism | - genetic disorder
- congenital but non-pathological disorder
-recessive gene mutation causes lack of pigment in hair, skin, and nails
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| color deficiency | - AKA color blindness
- genetic disorder
- difficulty in distinguishing reds and greens
- inherited, sex-linked disorder usually passed from mother to son
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| hemophilia | - genetic disorder
- sex-linked disorder in which blood coagulation time is greatly increased
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