WVSOM -- Gas Transport in the Blood
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| What are the general hemodymamic characteristics of the pulmonary circulation? | low pressure, high flow, low resistance
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| How does an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure reduce pulmonary resistance? | recruitment and distention of capillaries
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| How is oxygen carried in the blood? | hemoglobin and dissolved
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| How much oxygen is carried in hemoglobin? | 10.8ml O2/100ml of blood
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| How much oxygen is dissolved in the blood? | 0.3ml O2/100 ml of blood
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| When does Hb give up O2? | at low tissue PO2
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| What is the steep region of the oxygen dissociation curve? | Hb gives up O2 at low tissue pressures
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| How is total O2 content calculated? | dissolved O2 + Hb bound O2
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| When is Hb saturation % misleading? | CO poisoning and anemia
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| Why is Hb saturation % misleading in anemia? | the Hb available is saturated but there is less Hb available for being bound.
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| Why is Hb saturation misleading in CO poisoning? | CO is bound to hemoglobin showing a high saturation but there is not O2 available to be bound to Hb
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| What happens when there is a left shift of the HbO2 dissociation curve? | Hb holds on more readily to O2
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| What causes a left shift in the HbO2 dissociation curve? | Decrease in temperature, DPG, Pco2, and H+
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| What causes a right shift in the HbO2 dissociation curve? | increase in Temp, DPG, Pco2 and H+
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| What happens when there is a right shift in the HbO2 dissociation curve? | Hb gives up O2 more readily
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| Where is the O2 dissociation curve right shifted? | venous bood
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| What is the PO2/SaO2 in the veins? | 40/75%
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| What changes will cause a right shift of the O2 dissociation curve? Decreased temperature, decreased Pco2 or Decreased pH? | decreased pH
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| What three forms is CO2 transported in? | HCO3, dissolved and carbamino
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| How much CO2 is carried in bicarb? | 60%
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| What are carbamino? | protiens that carry CO2, carrie 30% of CO2
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| How much CO2 is dissolved? | 10%
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| What is the main facilitator of CO2 transport? | RBC
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| Why is RBC the main facilitator of CO2 transport? | all reactions of CO2 transport occur in the RBC
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| How is the CO2 dissociation curve compared to the O2 dissociation curve? | more linear and steeper
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| What kind of partial pressure changes are needed to unload a large amount of CO2? | small partial pressures
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| What decreases the blood from its ability to carry CO2? | oxygenation
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| What is the Haldane effect? | oxygenation of the blood decreases the ability to carry CO2; deoxygenation in the tissues helps with loading CO2
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| What two things explain the the actions of reduced hemoglobin in the Haldane effect? | dexoygenated hemoglobin is monopolized by H+ pulling equilibrium to the right and oxygenated Hb forms more Carbamino compounds
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| What does the HCO3:CO2 ratio determine? | pH
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| What is the normal HCO3:CO2 ratio resulting in a pH of 7.4? | 20
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| What is a respiratory disturbance? | when there is a Pco2 disturbance
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| What is a metabolic disturbance? | when there is a bicarbonate disturbance
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| What causes respiratory acidosis? | Increased Pco2
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| What causes respiratory alkalosis? | Decreased Pco2
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| What will restore the ratio when there is respiratory acidosis? | increased bicarb
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| What will restore the ratio when there is respiratory alkalosis? | decreased bicarb
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| What causes metabolic alkalosis? | increased bicarb
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| What causes metabolic acidosis? | decreased bicarb
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| What will restore the ratio with metabolic alkalosis? | hypoventilation
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| What will restore the ratio with metabolic acidosis? | Hyperventilation
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| What is the primary disturbance in respiratory acidosis? | increased Pco2
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