Final Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| normal range for K+ | 3.8-4.5 meq/L
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| normal range for Na+ | 135-148 meq/L
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| normal range for Cl | 98-108 meq/l
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| normal range for BUN | 8-18mg/dl
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| normal range for creatinine | 0.7-1.3 for men 0.6- 1.1 for women
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| normal range for bicarb ( total CO2) | 22-28 meq/l
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| normal range for total cholesterol | less than 200mg/dl
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| normal range for triglycerides | 10-190 mg/dl
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| panel 7 consists of | K+, Na+, Cl, glucose, CO2, BUN, creatinine
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| monitors kidney function | BUN and cratinine
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| major carbohydrate in blood and major source of energy | glucose
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| most common disorder of glucose metabolism | diabetes mellitus
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| elevated blood glucose | hyperglycemia
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| low blood glucose | hypoglycemia
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| produced by the beta cells in the pancrease | insulin
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| first stage of cellular respiration | glycolysis
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| extra glucose is converted into | glycogen
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| glycogen is stored in the | liver
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| fasting blood glucose, pt should be NPO for | 8 hours or longer
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| GGT | glucose tolerance test
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| two hour post prandial glucose is done | 2 hours after eating
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| GGT is done by | taking a fasting BG level, giving pt oral glucose solution to drink, drawing blood samples at 1,2 and 3 hours after.
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| GTT is most commonly done in pregnant women to detect | gestational diabetes
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| most reliable method for diagnosing diabetes | HbgA1C
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| HbgA1C | represents the average glucoses levels over 8-12 weeks
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| how often should an insulin dependent diabetic check his blood sugar each day | 4 times
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| constant hunger, blurred vision, increased thirst,increased urination and initial weight loss are symptoms of | diabetes
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| normal range for fasting glucose | 70-120mg/dl
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| normal range for LDL | less than 100mg/dl
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| normal range for HDL | 40-60mg/dl
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| hyponatremia | low sodium
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| hypernatremia | high sodium
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| hypokalemia | low potassium
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| hyperkalemia | high potassium
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| hypocalcemia | low calcium
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| hypercalcemia | high calcium
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| coagulation means | clotting
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| most common coagulation study done | PT
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| normal INR | 0.8-1.1
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| most common anticoagulant prescribed | coumadin
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| if the INR is too high what must be done | decrease the dose of coumadin to prevent bleeding
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| normal range for PT | 11-16sec
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| substance that inhibits blood clotting | anticoagulant
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| ESR stands for | erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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| ESR is done to detect | inflammation
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| ESR is also known as a | sed rate
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| normal ESR for an adult male | 0-10mm/hr
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| normal ESR for a woman over 50 | 0-30mm/hr
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| an elevated sed rate will lead the doctor to | order further testing
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| how long does it take a manual sed rate to result | one hour
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| mononucleosis is caused by | EBV
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| EBV stands for | Epstein Barr Virus
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| mono is primarily transmitted through | saliva
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| mono is also known as the | kissing disease
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| common signs and symptoms of mono may include | fever, sore throat, body aches, headaches, extreme fatigue
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| clinical findings of mono may include | elevated liver enzymes, enlarged spleen and/or enlarged liver
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| symptoms of mono may last up to | six months
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| two options for testing for mono include | serum blood sample sent to the lab, rapid mono test done in the office
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| elevated IgG indicates | past exposure/infection
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| elevated IgM indicates | current infection
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| rapid mono test results in | five minutes
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| the four blood types detected in humans | A,B,AB,O
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| has the A antigen on the RBC with the B antibody floating in the plasma | type A
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| has the B antigen on the RBC with the A antibody floating in the plasma | type B
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| has both A and B antigens on the RBC with nothing floating in the plasma | type AB
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| has neither A or B antigens on the RBC but has both A and B antibodies floating in the plasma | type O
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| universal donor | O-
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| universal recipient | AB+
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| Rh factor got its name from the | Rhesus monkey
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| if the Rh antigen is present you are | Rh+
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| if you do not have the Rh antigen you are | Rh-
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| If a pregnant woman is Rh- what injection will she get during her pregnancy | rhogam
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| thyroid panel | T3;T4;TSH
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| cardiac profile | LDH;CPK;AST;CKMB;Troponin
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| lipid panel | total cholesterol; LDL;HDL;triglycerides
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| hepatic(liver) profile | ALT;AST;LDH;GGT;ALP; total protein; total and direct bilirubin
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| BMP;panel 7; renal profile | Na; K; Cl; CO2; glucose; BUN; creatinine
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| evaluates kidney function | BUN; Creatinine
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| evaluates pancreas | amylase and lipase
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| the clumping together of cells | agglutination
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| protein found on RBC | antigen
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| CBC; sed rate(ESR); HgbA1C | lavender
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| PT/PTT/INR | light blue
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| STAT chemistries | mint green
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| ammonia; pH; O2 level; carboxyhemoglobin | dark green
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| blood cultures | yellow
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| drug levels; blood bank tests(type & screen; type & match; blood type) | red
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| routine chemistries: BMP; hepatic panel; thyroid panel; hepatitis panel; thyroid panel; cardiac panel; lipid panel; amylase; lipase | red speckled or gold
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| glucose studies; lactic acid | gray
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| cbc and blood bank testing | pink
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| glucose studies | fasting blood glucose(FBG); post prandial blood glucose; glucose tolerance test(GTT)
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| lavender | EDTA: anticoagulant
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| light blue | Sodium citrate: anticoagulant
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| yellow(blood cultures) | SPS(sodium polyanethol sulfonate)
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| mint green | lithium heparin: anticoagulant
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| dark green | sodium heparin: anticoagulant
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| red | silicone coated(glass); silicone coated /clot activator(plastic)
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| red speckled/gold | serum separator gel and clot activator
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| gray | potassium oxylate(anticoagulant) and sodium fluoride(antiglycolitic)
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| pink | K2EDTA: anticoagulant
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| if using a butterfly needle to draw a PT/PTT, you must first | draw and discard a waste tube
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| prothrombin is produced by the | liver
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| what test is used to regulate Coumadin therapy | PT/INR
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| what test is used to regulate Heparin therapy | PTT
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| abnormal PT/PTT may indicate | liver disease; clotting factor deficiencies
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| ADA stands for | Americans with Disabilities Act
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| LEP stands for | limited English proficiency
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| native language of the deaf in the US | ASA; American sign language
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| this term incorporates ethnicity,race and religious beliefs | cultural diversity
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| culture that takes offense to be touched by the opposite sex | Middle Eastern
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| culture that may consider eye contact to be offensive | Asian
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| culture that considers direct eye contact a sign of respect | Western civilization and Latin cultures
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