Eye, Ear, and other senses
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| orbit | cavity in skull where the eyeball is housed
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| Outer Layer of the eye | sclera, cornea (window), limbus
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| sclera | outer layer, white of the eye, light is unable to penetrate
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| cornea | outer layer, "window" of the eye, allows light to enter
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| limbus | outer layer, corneal-scleral junction
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| Middle Layer of the eye | choroid, iris, lens, pupil ("hole" in center of iris)
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| choroid | middle layer of the eye, lines the sclera, absorbs extra light entering the eye
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| iris | middle layer of the eye, contains the eye color (or pigment), has a "hole" in the center called the pupil
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| lens | middle layer of the eye, colorless structure behind the iris, sharpens the focus of light rays into the retina
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| Inner Layer of the eye | retina, optic nerve
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| retina | inner layer of the eye, contains photosensitive cells called rods and cones that translate light rays into nerve impulses that are translated to the brain
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| rods | photosensitive cells in retina that react to dim light and are used in night vision
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| cones | photosensitive cells in the retina that react to bright light and color
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| optic nerve | inner layer of the eye, enters at the optic disc and carries incoming information from the eye to the brain
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| palpebrae | eyelids
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| conjunctiva | mucous membrane that lines the underside of eyelids and anterior of eyeball
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| lacrimal canaliculi | ducts (2) at the corner of each eye which collect and drain tears into the lacrimal sac.
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| lacrimal sac | area where tears are collected and drain into nasolacrimal duct
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| astigmatism | condition caused by irregularity in the curvature of the cornea (more football-shaped than round)
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| strabismus | crossed eyes or wall eyes
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| Refraction problems | Inability to focus correctly. Include myopia (near-sighted), hyperopia (far-sighted) and presbyopia (eye changes with age)
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| blepharoptosis | droopy eyelid
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| blepharitis | inflammation of the eyelids
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| conjunctivitis | AKA pinkeye, highly contagious
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| hordeolums | AKA sties, accompany blocked or infected eyelids or glands, frequently contagious
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| Age-related eye disorders | cataracts, retinal detachment, macular degeneration
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| cataract | clouding or opacity of the lens
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| retinal detachment | retina separates from the choroid layer
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| macular degeneration | deterioration of the macula (central portion of the retina), incurable, leading cause of blindness in people 55+
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| amblyopia | AKA lazy eye, the nerve pathway from the eye to the brain doesn't properly develop.
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| corneal abrasion | scratch or lesion on the cornea
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| glaucoma | Increased IOP caused by build-up of fluid (aqueous humor), can lead to damage of the optic nerve and blindness.
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| nystagmus | involuntary, repetitive rhythmic eye movements
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| retinopathy | nerve damage caused by recurring or acute damage (diabetic retinopathy)
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| Outer Ear | Pinna, auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, fundus
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| pinna | AKA auricle, visual portion of the outside of ear
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| auditory meatus | auditory canal, secretes cerumen (earwax)
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| tympanic membrane | AKA ear drum, separates the outer ear from the middle ear and transmits sound vibrations into the middle ear
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| fundus | floor of the tympanic cavity
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| Middle Ear | Contains eustachian tube and 3 small bones or ossicles: malleus, incus, and stapes. The middle ear transmits sound vibrations, equalizes pressure, and protects from loud noises.
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| eustachian tube | auditory tube that extends 3-4 cm to nasopharynx
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| three small bones (ossicles) of middle ear | malleus, incus, stapes
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| Inner Ear | Contains maze of canals called labyrinth, cochlea "organ of hearing", and vestibule
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| cochlea | "organ of hearing", bony spiral structure that looks like snail's shell
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| vestibule | fundus of the internal auditory meatus (floor of the internal ear canal) which controls the sense of balance.
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| audiology | study of hearing disorders including loss
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| 2 types of hearing loss | conductive and sensorineural
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| conductive hearing loss | temporary condition in which sound is not conducted efficiently through the auditory canal to the eardrum and middle ear. Can be caused by obstruction, impacted wax, or allergies.
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| sensorineural hearing loss | permanent hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea or nerve pathways from inner ear to brain.
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| Common Outer Ear disorders | Impacted cerumen and ruptured tympanic membrane
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| impacted cerumen | earwax that has accumulated and hardened to the point of obstructing the auditory canal
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| ruptured tympanic membrane | ripping or tearing caused by objects or unequal air pressure
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| Common Middle Ear disorders | Otitis media and otosclerosis
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| Otitis media | AKA middle ear infection caused by viral and bacterial infections
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| otosclerosis | abnormal tissue growth around the stapes, usually hereditary
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| Common Inner Ear disorders | Tinnitus, Meniere's disease, and presbycusis
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| Tinnitus | ringing or roaring in one or both ears, usually symptom associated with many forms of hearing loss
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| Meniere's disease | A disease that affects a person's balance and hearing due to changes in fluid volume in labyrinth of the inner ear.
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| presbycusis | hearing loss associated with aging to due gradual deterioration of the sensory receptors in older adults.
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| Nose | Primary organ for sense of smell, contains olfactory cells
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| olfactory cells | found in nasal cavity that respond to changes in odor and chemical concentrations
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| gustatory cells | found in taste buds on tongue, roof of mouth, and throat that serve as taste receptors
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| 4 types of taste cells | sweet, sour, salty, and bitter
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| sense of touch | oldest and most primitive sense that originates in the dermis
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Created by:
vanstellee
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