HumanBodyCH6
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| Health | physical, mental, and social well being
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| disease | an abnormality in body function that threatens health
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| Etiology | study of the factors that cause a disease
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| Idiopathic | refers to a disease with an unknown cause
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| Signs and symtoms | the objective and subjective abnormalities associated with a disease
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| Pathogenesis | the pattern of a disease's development
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| Epidemiology | the study of occurrence, distribution, and transmission of diseases in human populations
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| Endemic diseases | native to a local region
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| Pandemics | are widespread, perhaps global epidemics More common due modern air travel
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| epidemics | occur when a disease affects many people at the same time
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| Disease | is difficult to discover, many factors of disease transmission,
Can be fought through prevention and therapy( treatment)
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| Communicable | disease that can be transmitted from one person to another
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| Latent / incubation period | time when no sign or symptoms of a disease are evident
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| Factors involved in spreading disease | nutrition, age, gender, sanitation practices, socioeconomic condition
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| Mechanism of disease | genetic mechanism, pathogenic organisms, tumors and cancer, physical and chemical agents, malnutrition, autoimmunity, inflammation, degeneration,
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| Risk factor | certain predisposing conditions that make the development of a disease more likely
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| type of risk factors | genetic factores age, lifestyle stress, environmental factors, preexisting conditions
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| Virus description | intercellular parasite that consists of a nucleic acid (RNA, DNA) surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope
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| Virus | invades the cell and inserts its own genetic code into th host cell's genetic code, causing cell to produce viral DNA or RNA and protein coats.Pirates host cell's nutrients and organelles to produce more virus particles
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| Prions | pathogenic protein molecules
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| Bacterium | tiny, primitive cell without nucleus. Secrete toxic substance that damage tissue, become parasites inside human cell, can form colonies in the body disrupt normal function
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| Aerobic bacteria | requires oxygen for their metabolism
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| Anaerobic bacteria | requires an absence of oxygen for their metabolism
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| Bacilli bacteria | large, rod-shaped cells found singly or in groups
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| Cocci bacteria | large round, found singly, in pairs, in strings, or in clusters
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| Curved or spiral rods bacteria | curved rods arranged singly or in strands; large spiral cells or cell colonies
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| Small bacteria | round or oval, are so small they were thought to be virus. only reproduce inside other living cells. (Obligate parasites)
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| Fungi | group of simple organisms similar to plants but without chlorophyll
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| Pathogenic animals ( Metazoa ) | large multicellular organisms
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| Paillomas, Adenomas, Nevi | benign tumors that arise from epithelial tissue
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| Lipomas, Osteomas, Chondromas | benign tumors that arise from connective tissue
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| Sarcomas type | lymphomas, osteosarcomas, myelomas fribrosarcomas
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| factor of development cancer | genetics, carcinogens, age, environment, viruses
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| methods of detecting cancer | self examination, diagnostic imaging, biopsy blood test
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| cancer treatment | surgery chemotherapy radiation therapy, immunotherapy, gentic engineering
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| primary signs for inflammation | redness, heat, swelling, pain
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| Chemotaxis | movement of white blood cells in response to chemical attractants
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| positive affect of fever | increased temperature often kills or inhibits the growth of pathogenic microbes, may enhance activity of immune system
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| vaccine | killed or attenuated pathogen, stimulate immunity
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| antibiotics | chemicals produced by certain living organisms, inhibits growth of or kill pathogens
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| spores | formed by bacteria, able to survive heat, various chemicals, dry conditions
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| Protozoa | one cell organisms larger than bacteria, DNA organized in a nucleus
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| Amoebas | pathogenic protozoa, large cells of changing shape
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| Flagellates | pathogenic protozoa, move by wiggling long, whiplike extensions
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| Ciliates | pathogenic protozoa, move by means of many short, hairlike projections
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| Sporozoa | pathogenic protozoa, unusual organelles tips allow them to enter host cell (Coccidia)
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| Pathogenic animals | Metozoa, large multicellular organisms,
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| Nematodes | pathogenic animals, large parasites m round worm, transmitted by food or flies that bite
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| Platyhelminths | pathogenic animals, large parasites, flatworms, flukes, infest several human organs
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| Arthropods | pathogenic animals, grpup of parasites, include Mites, Ticks, Lice, Fleas
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| Aseptic methods that prevent spread of pathogens | Sterilization, disinfection, Antisepsis, Isolation
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| Microbes | Microscopic organisms that include bacteria, fungi, and protozoa are called
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| A vector of the disease is | organism that spreads disease to other organism
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| Adenoma | benign tumor forms from glandular epithelium.
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| Melanoma | cancer that involves melanocytes
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| Adenocarcinoma | general term for malignant tumors of glandular epithelium
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| Sarcomas | malignant tumor arises from connective tissues
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| Lymphoma | cancer of lymphatic tissue
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| Osteosarcoma | malignant tumor of bone tissue
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| Myeloma | malignant bone marrow tumor
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| Fibrosarcoma | general term cancer involving fibrous tissue
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| Hyperplasia | produces to many cells
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| anaplasia | process of production of abnormal or undifferentiated tumor cells
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| Oncogenes | cancer genes
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| neuroblastoma | malignant tumor arises from nerve tissue
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| Carcinogens | cancer markers, chemicals affect genetic activity, abnormal cell reproduction
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| Mutagens | mutation markers, cause changes in a cell's DNA structure
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| Pathogenesis | mechanism of disease's development, (Pattern)
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| Pathophysiology | the organized study of the underlying physiological processes associated with disease
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| yeast | small single cell fungi
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| Genetic mechanism | altered or mutated genes than can cause ;production of abnormal proteins
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| Infectious mechanism | pathogenic organisms or particles that damage the body in some way
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| Neoplastic mechanism | abnormal tissue growths or neoplasms (tumors [benign or malignant] and cancers) that can cause a variety of physiological disturbance
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| traumatic mechanism | physical and chemical agents, extreme heat and cold, mechanical injury (trauma) and radiation
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| Metabolic mechanism | endocrine imbalance or malnutrition causes insufficient or imbalanced intake of nutrition
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| Inflammatory mechanisms: Autoimmunity | faulty response or over reaction of the immune system that causes it to attack th body
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| Inflammatory mechanisms: Inflammation | common response of the body to disturbances
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| Degeneration | breaking apart degeneration of tissues by means of many still unknown processes
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| Gram positive | bacteria that stain purple
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| virus | pathogen that can cause warts and infectious mononucleosis
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| Leukemia | cancer of blood tissue
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| Cachexia | syndrome appetite loss, weight loss, general weakness
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| Metastasis | cell leave a primary tumor and start a secondary tumor at a new location
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| Papilloma | benign epithelial tumor finger like projection
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| Pus | inflammatory exudate
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| inflammation mediators | Histamine, Prostaglandins, Kinins
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| Inflammatory response | redness, heat, swelling (edema), pain
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