Biology first exam review
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| Biosphere | The earth
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| Ecosystem | Forests, grasslands, deserts, etc...
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| Communities | The organisms inhabiting an ecosystem
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| Population | consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area.
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| Organisms | Individual living things
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| Organs and Organ systems | A body part consisting of two or more tissues
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| tissues | the make-up of organs
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| cells | Life's fundamental unit of structure and function
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| Organelles | The various functional components that make up cells
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| Molecules | A chemical structure consisting of two or more small chemical unites called atoms.
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| Levels of Biological Organization | Biosphere, Ecosystem, Communities, Populations, Organisms, Organs and Organ systems, Tissues, Cells, Organelles, Molecules
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| Eukaryotic Cell | Subdivided by internal membranes into various membrane-enclosed organelles. The largest organelle is the nucleus.
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| Prokaryotic Cell | The DNA is not separated from the rest of the cell by enclosure in a membrane-bounded nucleus. Also lacks other kinds of membrane-enclosed organelles.
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| Chromosomes | contain almost all of a cell's DNA
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| DNA | (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) The substance of genes
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| Genes | The units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring.
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| Enzymes | Speed up specific chemical reactions, a type of protein
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| RNA | Controls protein production
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| Nucleotides | Strands of DNA
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| Genome | The entire make-up of genetic instructions that an organism inherits
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| Negative feedback | Accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process
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| Positive feedback | Accumulation of an end product speeds up its production
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| Classifications of life | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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| Domain Bacteria | The most diverse and widespread prokaryotes
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| Domain Archaea | Live in Earth's extreme environments, such as salty lakes and boiling hot springs
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| Domain Eukarya | Protists, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Animalia
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| Protists | Unicellular eukaryotes
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| Kingdom fungi | Absorb nutrients after decomposing organic material
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| Kingdom Plantae | Consists of multicellular eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis
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| Kingdom Animalia | Consists of multicellular eukaryotes that ingest other organisms
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| Three domains of life | Domain bacteria (prokaryotic), domain archaea (prokaryotic), domain eukarya
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| Domain eukarya | Contains Kingdoms Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia
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| Discovery Science | Describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and analysis of data.
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| Data | Recorded observations
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| Hypothesis | A tentative answer to a well-framed question
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| Deductive Reasoning | Reasoning that goes from the general to the specific
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| Controlled Experiment | An experiment that is designed to compare an experimental group with a control group.
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| Element | A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions
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| Compound | A substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio.
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| Main elements in the human body | Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus
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| Covalent Bond | The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
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| Electro negativity | The attraction of a particular kind of atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
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| nonpolar covalent bond | Electrons are shared equally
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| polar covalent bond | One atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom, the electrons are not shared equally
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