Ms. Love Pharmacology
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| Pharmacology | study of drugs and their action on living organisms
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| Prescription drugs | drugs that the federal government has designated to be potentially harmful unless thier use is supervised by a licensed health care provider
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| nonprescription drugs | drugs designated by the FDA to be safe and obtained without prescription
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| controlled substances | most carefully monitored drugs that have a high potential for abuse and may cause dependence
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| psychological dependency | compulsion to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience
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| pharmaceutic phase | dissolution of the drug
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| pharmacokinetics | activities within the body after a drug is administered
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| half-life | measure of the rate at which drugs are removed from the body (time to elimiante 50% of the drug)
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| biotransformation | process by which a drug is converted by the liver to inactive compounds through a series of chemical reactions
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| receptor | speicalized macromolecule that attatches or binds to the drug molecule
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| agonists | drugs that bind with a receptor to produce a therapeutic response
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| antagonists | join with a receptor to prevent the action of an agonist
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| adverse reactions | undesirable drug effects
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| allergic reaction | hypersensitivity to a drug where the immune system views the drug as a foreign substance
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| anaphylactic shock | extremely serious allergic reaction that occurs shortly after drug administration
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| angioedema | allergic drug reaction causing collection of fluid in subq tissues
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| drug idiosyncrasy | any abnormal or unsusal reaction to a drug ex. sleeping pill makes you wide awake
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| drug tolerance | decreased response to a drug requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect
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| cumulative drug effect | body is unable to metabolize and excrete one normal dose of drug before the next is given
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| pharmacogentic disorder | genetically determined abnormal response to a normal dose of a drug
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| additive drug | combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone ex: alcohol + heparin=increased bleeding
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| synergism | drugs interact with each other and produce effect that is greater than the sum of thier actions
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| Polypharmacy | taking numerous drugs that can potnetially react with one another
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| chemical name | gives the exact makeup of the drug and placing of the atoms or molecular structure (it is not capitalized)
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| generic name | name given to a drug before it becomes official (not capitalized)
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| official name | Name listed in the United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary; may be the same as generic name
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| Trade name | name registered by the manufacturer and is followed by the trademark symbol (first letter is capitalized)
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| names of drugs | chemical, generic, official, and trade/brand
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| teratogen | any substance that causes abnormal developement of the fetus
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| phases of oral drugs | pharmaceutic phase, pharmacokinetic phase, pharmacodynamic phase
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| pharmacokinetic phase activities | absorption, distibution, metabolism, and excretion
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| absorption | process by which a drug is made available for use in the bidy
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| distribution | systemic circulation distributes drugs to various body tissues or target sites
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| metabolism | biotransformation
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| excretion | elimination of drugs from the body usually through the kidney but also through sweat, breast milk, breath, feces
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| primary effect | desired or therapeutic effect
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| secondary effects | all other effects whether desirable or undesirable
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| factors that influence drug response | age, weight, gender, disease, and route of administration
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