Gappa Earth: Chapter 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| heat is transferred by movement of a heated fluid or gas | convection current
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| The supercontinent that began to break apart about 225 million years ago | Pangea
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| Wegner's hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth’s surface | continental drift
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| Process where molten material adds new oceanic crust into ocean floor | sea-floor spreading
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| Process where oceanic plate sinks back into the mantle and melts | subduction
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| The undersea mountain chain were new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary | mid-ocean ridge
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| Deep valley along the ocean floor through which the oceanic crust slowly sinks toward the mantle | deep ocean trench
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| A well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observation | scientific theory
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| During convection currents, where does the cooler, denser fluid travel | sinks downward
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| During convection currents, where does the hotter, less dense fluid travel | float upward
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| Part of the mantle that can flow like melted tar | asthenosphere
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| part of the core that is liquid metal | outer core
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| part of the core that is solid metal | inner core
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| edges of the plates | boundaries
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| distance plates can move in a year | 2 cm - 10 cm
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| the separate sections the earth's lithosphere is broken into | plates
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| as oceanic crust moves away from the mid-ocean ridge | becomes cooler and denser
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| magma rises from the mantle | is hot and least dense
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| features that form at a convergent boundary | deep ocean trench or mountains
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| features that form at a divergent boundary | mid ocean ridge or rift valley
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| features that occur at a transform boundary | earthquakes
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| crust is destroyed or deformed | convergent boundary
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| crust is created | divergent boundary
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| crust is neither created nor destroyed | transform boundary
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| the crust and very top part of the mantle | lithosphere
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| heat source for the convection current in the asthenosphere | mantle and core
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| the three scientists who contributed to the Theory of Plate Tectonics | Alfred Wegener, Harry Hess, J. Tuzo Wilson
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| two parts of the crust | oceanic crust and continental crust
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| Which pieces of evidence did Wegener use to support his theory of continental drift? | continent shape, fossils, climate evidence
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| What pieces of evident did Hess use to support his theory of sea floor spreading and subduction? | magma samples, drilling samples, and magnetic rock pattern on ocean floor
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