literary terms 42-82
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| genre | a division or type of literature – generally prose, poetry or drama
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| theme | the message, central concern, or insight into life revealed in a literary work
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| stereotype | a fixed, generalized idea about a character, place, or situation
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| symbol | anything that stands for or represents something else
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| allusion | a reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art within a literary work
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| irony | the general name given to literary techniques that involve surprising, interesting, or amusing contradictions
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| verbal irony | words are used to suggest the opposite of their usual meaning or contradict their usual meaning
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| situational irony | an event occurs that directly contradicts the expectations of the character, the reader, or the audience (a surprise twist)
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| dramatic irony | contradiction between what a character thinks and what the reader/ audience knows to be true
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| euphemism | an inoffensive word or term used in place of another that is felt to be offensive
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| idiom | an expression having a special meaning different from the usual meanings of the words (example – "hit the road")
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| figurative language | writing or speech that is not meant to be taken literally
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| figures of speech | types of figurative language
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| simile | a figure of speech that makes a direct comparison between two unlike subjects using like or as
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| metaphor | a figure of speech that makes an indirect comparison between two unlike subjects
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| hyperbole | a figure of speech that is an exaggeration for effect
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| personification | a figure of speech in which a non-human subject is given human characteristics
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| alliteration | the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words
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| onomatopoeia | the use of words that imitate sounds
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| stanza | a division of poetry similar to a paragraph in prose
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| refrain | a regularly repeated line or group of lines in a poem or song
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| author's purpose | the author's intent either to inform/teach, to entertain, or to persuade/convince the audience
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| voice | the fluency, rhythm and liveliness in writing that makes it unique to the writer
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| satire | literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human vice or weakness
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| primary source | text that tells a first-hand account of an event; original works used when researching (letters, journals)
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| secondary source | text used when researching that is derived from something original (biographies, magazine articles)
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| text structure | the author's method of organizing text
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| inference | understanding gained by "reading between the lines;" judgment based on reasoning rather than direct statement
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| imagery | a word or group of words in a literary work which appeal to one or more of the senses
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| bias | a judgment based on personal point of view
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| generalization | a conclusion that is used to make a broad statement about a topic or person
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| editorial | a newspaper or magazine article that gives the opinions of the editors or publishers
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| propaganda | techniques used to influence people to believe, buy, or do something
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| name-calling | an attack on a person instead of an issue
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| bandwagon | tries to persuade the reader to do, think, or buy something because it is popular or everyone is doing it
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| red herring | an attempt to distract the reader with details not relevant to the argument
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| emotional appeal | tries to persuade the reader by using words that appeal to the reader's emotions instead of to logic or reason
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| testimonial | attempts to persuade the reader by using a famous person to endorse a product or idea
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| sweeping generalization | makes an oversimplified statement about a group based on limited information
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| circular argument | states a conclusion as part of the proof of the argument
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| appeal to numbers, facts, and statistics | attempts to persuade the reader by showing how many people think something is true
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