HumanBodyCH3
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| cytoplasm | substance exist only in cell. (living matter).
internal living materials of cells
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| Main cell parts | Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus
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| Plasma membrane | outer boundry of cell, encloses cytoplasm. 7nm
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| Phospholipids | form fluid framework for plasma membrane
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| cytoskeleton | threadlike structure, cell moving motor
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| cholera | acute intestinal infection characterized by severe diarrhea, cramp,
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| organelle | a specialized part of a cell having some specific function; a cell organ.
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| Ribosomes | tiny particles throughout cell. Make enzymes and protein componds. "Protein factory"
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| rRNA | rebosomal RNA
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum | system of membranes forming network of connecting sac and canals, winding back & forth through cytoplasm. Rough & smooth
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| Golgi appartus | tiny flattened sacs stacked on one each other near the nucleus.
Sacs fuse with Bubbles/ sacs from smooth ER carry new proteins. "Vesicles"
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| Mitochondria | organelle found in all cells, Two sacs, one inside each other. Energy-releasing chemical reaction. "power plant"
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| Lysosomes | membranous-walled organelles.small sacs in active stage.
Contain enzymes digest large nutrient molecules. "digestive bag"
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| Centrosome | region of cytoplasm near nucleus of each cell.
Organizing and moving structures within cell.
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| Centrioles | paired organelles within centrosome. Two of these rod-shaped structures exist in every cell. They lie in right angle. Moving of chromosomes during cell division
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| cystic fibrosis | A hereditary metabolic disorder of the exocrine glands, usually developing during early childhood and affecting mainly the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands.
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| Microvilli | cell extension; small fingerlike projection. more surface of plasma membrane, increase in ability to absorb substances
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| Cilia | longer than microvilli, move back & forth pushing fluids along surface
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| flagellum | single projection extending from cell surface.
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| Cell extension | microvilli, cillia. flagellum
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| belie | to show to be false; contradict:
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| Cell nucleus | simple but complex structure; contains most genetic info; controls every organelle in cytoplasm; controls cell reproduction, duplication
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| nuclear envelope | two separate membrane surround cell nucleus. Has nuclear pores permit large molecules into and out of nucleus
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| Nucleolus | dense region in nucleoplasm, for protein formation. Cell makes subunits that form ribosomes
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| Nucleoplasm | cell material inside nuclear envelope. Contains Nucleolus & chromatin granules
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| Chromatin granules | made of proteins around which are wound segments of the long, threadlike ,molecules called DNA
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| Chromosomos | during cell division DNA molecules become tightly coiled and then look like short rodlike structures
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| Body cell DNA molecules | 46 total in nucleus and one (47th) in each of its mitochondria
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| atrophy | decrease in cell size
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| Mitosis | process cell divide to multiply. nuclear division of somatic cell
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| Passive transport process | moving of substances one down a concentration gradient
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| Active transport | moving of substances one up a concentration gradient and requiring energy to do so
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| Cytoskeleton | acts as framework to support the cell and its organelles
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| Lyse | disintegration of a cell
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| Osmosis | passive transport process
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| permeate | to pass into or through
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| Solute | substance dissolved in a given solution
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| crenate | Having a margin with low, rounded or scalloped projections or indentations.
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| tonicity | the state, condition, or quality of being tonic
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| Hyper-, hypo-, isotonic | >0.9%, <.09%, 0.9% NaCI
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| advent | a coming into place, view, or being; arrival
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| ion pump | protein structure in the cell membrane called carrier. Up concentration gradient
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| phagocytosis | movement of cell or other larger particles into cell by trapping it in a section of plasm membrane that pinches off inside cell. ex: trapping bacterial cell by phagocytic white blood cells
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| Pinocytosis | movement of fluid and dissolved molecules int a cell by trapping them in a section of plasma membrane that pinches off inside cell
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| gene | specific segment of base pairs in a chromosome.same pairs different sequence
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| adenosine triphoshate (ATP) | plays important role in energy transfer in the body
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| master code | sequence of different nucleotides along the DNA double helix.
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| Chromosome | any of several threadlike bodies, consisting of chromatin, that carry the genes in a linear order
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| Ribosome | organelle: small & large subunit, free or fixed (attached to rough ER). makes protein
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| rough ER | contains ribosomes, form transport vesicle
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| smooth ER | involved in lipid synthesis
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| Golgi apparatus | package new protein and lipids for transport (secretory vesicle).
either excytosis or incorporate into cell membrane. Also makes lysosomes
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| Lysosomes | filled with digestive enzymes, responsible for autolysis of injured cells
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| Peroxisomes | carry enzymes that neutralize toxins
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| Meiosis | produces sex cells
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| Apoptosis | is the genetically controlled death of cells
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| neoplasm | abnormal hyperplasia. mass formed is a tumor
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| membranous cytoplasmic organelles | Mitochandria, Peroxisomes, Lysosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi apparatus
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| nonmembranous cytoplasmic organelles | Ribosome, Centrioles, Cytoskeleton
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| Mitochondria organelle | double membrane, provides most of cells ATP, contain own DNA, RNA
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| Nuclear envelope | double membrane barrier with pores, outer layer continuous with rough ER and bear ribosomes, regulates transport of large molecules in and out nucleus
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| Mitosis stages of nuclear division | Pro-, Meta-,Ana-, Telophase
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| movement CO2 out of cell | Passive Transport
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| Endocytosis, Pinocytosis | active transport
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| Transcription | process inside nucleus, DNA code is copied into an mRNA form
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| Centriole | one of a pair of tiny cylinders in the centrosome of a cell
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| Translation | Synthesis of a protein in cytoplasm by ribosomes
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| Centromere | beadlike structure attaches one chromatid to another during early stage of mitosis
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| Enzymes | chemical catalyst to regulate cell metabolism
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| metabolism | set of chemical reaction occurring in living organism to maintain life
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| genome. | entire collection of genetic material in each typical cell of the human body
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| DNA nucleotide | Sugar (deoxyribose), Phosphate group (PO4), Bases
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| DNA Base | Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)
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| RNA nucleotide | Sugar (ribose), Phosphate group (PO4), Bases
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| RNA Base | Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Uracil (U)
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| Pairing | A-T, C-G
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| smooth ER | structure makes new membranes for the cell
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| Tissue typing | uses information found on the plasma membrane.
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| Smooth muscle tissue | has less ability to regenerate itself after an injury or damage
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| Ribosone | organelle has a subunit made of RNA
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| ideal body fat | M 15 - 18%; F 20-22%
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