medical terminology a living language
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| which system begins breaking down food through mechanical and chemical digestion? | digestive system
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| an/o | anus
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| append/o | appendix
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| appendic/o | appendix
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| bar/o | weight
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| bucc/o | cheeck
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| cec/o | cecum
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| cholangi/o | bile duct
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| chol/e | bile, gall
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| cholecyst/o | gall bladder
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| choledoch/o | common bile duct
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| cirrh/o | yellow
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| col/o | colon
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| colon/o | colon
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| dent/o | tooth
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| diverticul/o | pouch
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| duoden/o | duodenum
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| enter/o | small intestines
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| esophag/o | esophagus
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| gastr/o | stomach
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| gingiv/o | gums
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| gloss/o | tongue
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| hepat/o | liver
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| ile/o | ileum
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| jejun/o | jejunum
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| labi/o | lip
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| lapar/o | abdomen
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| lingu/o | tongue
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| lith/o | stone
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| odont/o | tooth
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| or/o | mouth
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| palat/o | palate
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| pancreat/o | pancreas
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| pharyng/o | pharynx
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| polyp/o | polyp
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| proct/o | anus, rectum
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| pylor/o | pylorus
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| pyr/o | fire
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| rect/o | rectum
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| sialaden/o | salivary gland
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| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon
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| -emesis | vomit
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| -istry | specialty of
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| -lithiasis | condition of stones
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| -orexia | appetite
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| -pepsia | digestion
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| -phagia | eat, swallow
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| -prandial | pertaining to a meal
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| -tripsy | surgical crushing
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| what is another term for the digestive system? | gastrointestinal system
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| how long is the gut? | thirty feet
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| what are two other names for the gut? | ailmentary canal, gastrointestingal tract
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| what are the eight organs along the GI tract? | oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, colon, rectum and anus
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| what would you call an organ which participates in digestion but is not part of the alimentary canal? | accessory organs
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| what are the four acessorry organs connected to the gut by a duct? | liver, pancreas, gallbladder, salivary glands
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| what are the three main functions of the digestive system? | digesting food, absorbing nutrients, eliminating waste
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| which bodily secretion uses digestive enzymes to break down carbohydrates? | saliva
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| what two purposes does the uvula serve? | produces the gag reflex, assists in speech
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| from the front to the back what are the four types of teeth in order? | incisors, cuspids, bicuspids, molars
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| what is another word for bicuspid? | premolars
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| what is another term for cuspids? | canines
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| what is the name of the part of the tooth visible above the gum line? | crown
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| what is the name of the hard covering of the tooth? | enamel
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| what is the tooth layer below the enamel? | dentin
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| what is the cavity within the tooth called? | pulp cavity
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| what ligament anchors the tooth to the jaw? | periodontal ligament
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| what is the name of the part of the tooth found between the periodontal ligaments and the dentin? | cementum
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| what is another term for baby teeth? | deciduous teeth
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| how many baby teeth are there? | twenty
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| when do baby teeth begin to fall out? | age six
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| how many permanent teeth are there? | thirty two
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| what are the two pharynx that food enters when it is swallowed? | orpharynx, laryngopharynx
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| what is the term for the wavelike contractions which propel food through the GI tract? | peristalsis
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| what is the J shaped muscular organ which collects and churns food with digestive juices? | stomach
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| what is the upper region of the stomach called? | fundus
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| what is the main portion of the stomach called? | body
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| what is the lower part of the stomach called? | antrum
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| what are the folds in the lining of the stomach called? | rugae
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| what is secreted by the glands in the mucous membrane lining of the stomach | hydrochloric acid
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| what is the liquid mixture which passes through the remaining structures in the digestive system from the stomach. | chyme
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| what is the name of the muscular valves which control entry to and exit from the stomach? | sphincters
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| what is the name of the sphincter located between the esophagus and the fundus? | cardiac sphincter
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| what is another name for the cardiac sphincter? | lower esophageal sphincter
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| what sphincter regulates the passage of food into the small intestine? | pyloric sphincter
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| what is another name for the small intestine? | small bowel
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| how long is the small intestine? | twenty feet
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| what are the three sections of the small intestine? | duodenum, jejunum, ilium
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| how long is the duodenum? | ten to twelve inches
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| how long is the jejunum? | eight feet
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| how long is the ilium? | twelve feet
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| what is the sphincter which connects the ilium to the colon? | ileocecal valve
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| how long is the colon? | five feet
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| which part of the digestive system extends from the cecum to the anus? | colon
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| what would you call the small pouch or saclike area in the first 2-3 inches at the beginning of the colon? | cecum
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| which part of the colon extends from the cecum to the lower border of the liver? | ascending colon
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| which section of the colon spans from the ascending colon to the spleen? | transverse colon
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| which section of the colon traveles down the left side of the body to the sigmoid colon? | descending colon
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| which section of the colon begins at the descending colon and ends at the rectum? | sigmoid colon
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| what would you call the small worm shaped outgrowth at the end of the cecum? | vermiform appendix
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| which sphincter consists of rings of voluntary and involuntary muscles to control the evacuation of feces? | anal sphincter
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| what is the word for the evacuation of feces? | defacation
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| what would you call saliva mixed with chewed food in the mouth? | bolus
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| what digestive enzyme does saliva contain? | amylase
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| what are the salivary glands in front of the ears called? | parotid glands
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| what are the two salivary glands on the roof of the mouth? | submandibular and sublingual glands
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| what large organ is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen? | liver
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| what important digestive substance does the liver produce? | bile
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| what is the process of bile breaking up fats making them easier to digest? | emulsification
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| where is the bile produced by the liver stored? | gall bladder
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| what are the two ducts bile needs to travel down and up to get to the gall bladder? | hapatic and cystic ducts
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| which duct carries the bile to the duodenum? | common bile duct
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| which duct connects the pancreas to the duodenum? | pancreatic duct
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| what two important secretions does the pancreas make? | buffers and pancreatic enzymes
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| what function does pancreatic enzyme serve? | digests carbohydrates, fats and proteins
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| -centesis | process of removing fluid
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| intra- | within
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