Histology-Endocrine-WVSOM Class of 2012
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| which endocrine organ is the president? | hypothalamus
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| which endocrine organ is the vice-president? | pituitary
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| which part of the pituitary is anterior? | adenohypophysis
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| what is another name for the adenohypophysis? | pars distalis
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| what are the 3 cell types in the adenohypophysis? | basophils, acidophils, chromophobes
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| which is smaller, basophils or acidophils? | acidophils
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| what are the three basophilic cells? what do they secrete? where are they found? | thyrotropes, corticotropes, gonadotropes; tsh, acth, fsh & lh; adenohypophysis
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| what are the two acidophilic cells? what do they secrete? where are they found? | somatotropes and mammotrophs; growth hormone and prolactin; adenohypophysis
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| what does acth do? where does this have its effect? | stimulates glucocorticoid synthesis; adrenal zona fasiculata and reticularis
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| what does tsh do? where does this have its effect? | stimulates production of thyroid hormones; follicular cells
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| what does fsh do? where does this have its effect? | stimulates follicle development and androgen-binding production in sertoli cells; ovaries and testes
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| what does lh do? where does this have its effect? | stimulates steroidogenesis in ovarian follicles, corpus leuteum, and leydig cells (testosterone); ovary and testes
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| what are the support cells for the neurohypophysis? what cell provides these with materials to do so? | pituicytes; herring bodies
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| what two hormones are produced in the neurohypophysis? what do these hormones do? | adh and oxytocin; stimulates water resorbtion in the renal medulla; stimulates smooth muscle contraction (causes contractions and milk ejection)
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| what are the two cell types of the thyroid? | follicular and parafollicular
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| which cells are also called c cells? what do they produce? | parafollicular; calcitonin
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| what cells are also called principle or epithelial cells? what do they produce? what kind of epithelium? | follicular; T3 and T4; simple cuboidal
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| what is the pink in the thyroid glands? | inactive hormone (iodinated thyroglobulin)
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| what disorder is the result of circulating immunoglobulin that binds and perpetually activates the tsh receptor? | hyperthyroidism (grave's disease)
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| what disease is the result of autoimmune destruction of thyroid? | hypothyroidism (hasimoto's disease)
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| describe morphology of hashimoto's disease? | infiltration of lymphs and plasma cells, may see germinal centers
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| what does calcitonin do? | calcitonin suppresses bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity
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| thyroid produces more t3 or t4? which is more potent? | t4; t3
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| t3 or t4, which is converted to the other in the liver? | t4 converted to t3
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| where are parathyroid glands found and how many? | on posterior thyroid; 4
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| what cells are in the parathyroid gland? what is their function? | principle cells and oxyphil cells; secretes parathyroid hormone, which increases osteoclast activity; oxyphil cells is unknown
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| parathyroid principle cells are sometimes called what? | chief cells
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| what does the zona glomerulosa secrete? what does it regulate? | aldosterone (mineralocorticoids); blood pressure via salt resorbtion
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| what does the zona fasiculata secrete? what does it regulate? | glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone); carbohydrate metabolism to raise blood glucose
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| what does the zona reticularis secrete? what does it regulate? | androgens DHEA and androstenedione; sex hormones
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| what does the adrenal medulla secrete? | norepinephrine and epinephrine
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| where is the pineal gland located? what is its function? | near ventricles of brain; controls 24 hour cycles and hormonal levels, senses light and dark
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| what are the 3 cell types of the pancreas? what do they produce? what are their effects? | alpha, beta, delta; glucagon, insulin, somatostatin; raise glucose levels, lower glucose levels; inhibit release of insulin and glucagon
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| where do enteroendocrine cells exist? | in pits of GI glands
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| hypersecretion of cortisol leads to what disease? | cushing's syndrome
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| hyposecretion of adrenal cortex leads to what disease? | addison's disease
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