Week 7
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| oophorotomy | incision into an ovary
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| orchiectomy | removal of one or both testes
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| orchioplasty | surgical repair of a testis
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| orchiotomy | incision into a testis
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| ovariectomy | excision of one or both ovaries
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| ovariotomy | incision of an ovary
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| uteropexy | surgical fixation of the uterus
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| uteroplasty | surgical repair of the uterus
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| uterotomy | incision of the uterus
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| amenorrhea | absence or abnormal cessation
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| Cesarean section | surgical operation through the abdominal wall and uterus for delivery of the baby
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| colposcopy | examination of the vagina and cervix using an endoscopic instrument
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| dysmenorrhea | difficult or painful menses
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| ectopic pregnancy | development of an impregnated ovum outside the uterus
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| endometriosis | tissue outside the uterus that resembles the inner lining of the uterus
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| hypermenorrhea | prolonged or excessive menorrhea; also sometimes called menorrhagia
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| lactation | the production of milk
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| menopause | permanent cessation of menses
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| menorrhagia | see hypermenorrhea
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| salpingitis | inflammation of the uterine tube
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| orchitis | inflammation of a testis
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| ovarialgia | pain in an ovary
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| ovaritis | inflammation of an ovary
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| obstetrician | a physician who specializes in the medical care of women during pregnancy and childbirth
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| obstetrics | medical specialty concerned with the medical care of women during pregnancy and childbirth
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| amniocentesis | extraction and diagnostic examination of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac
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| mammography | examination of the breast by means of an imaging technique, such as radiography
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| pap test | microscopic examination of cells from a mucosal surface, especially the uterine cervix
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| cervicectomy | excision of the uterine cervix
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| cervicoplasty | surgical repair of the uterine cervix OR the neck
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| cervicotomy | incision of the uterine cervix
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| hysterectomy | surgical removal of the uterus
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| hysteropexy | surgical fixation of the uterus
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| hysteroplasty | surgical repair of the uterus
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| hysterotomy | incision of the uterus
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| oophorectomy | excision of an ovary; overiectomy
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| oophoroplasty | surgical repair of an ovary
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| sperm | the male gamete
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| spermatogenesis | production of sperm
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| testes | the organs that produce and store the male gametes
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| testosterone | androgen prominent in male gamete production
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| urethra | male ductwork that acts as a part of both the male urinary and male reproductive systems
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| uterine cervix | the "neck" located at the lower end of the uterus
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| uterine cycle | part of the reproduction system process in women, comprising three phases
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| uterine tubes | tubes between the ovaries and the uterus
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| uterus | reproductive organ in which the fertilized oocyte is implanted and in which the child develops
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| vas deferends | duct leading out of the epididymis
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| cervicitis | inflammation of the uterine cervix
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| hysteralgia | pain in the uterus
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| hysteropathy | any disease of the uterus
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| oophoritis | inflammation of an ovary
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| orchialgia | pain in the testes
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| orchiopathy | any disease of the testes
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| mitosis | process of cell division by which one cell becomes two, both of which contain the maternal and paternal chromosomes
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| oocytes | the product of oogenesis that become the female gametes
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| oogenesis | production of oocytes
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| ovulation | release of the female gamete that occurs during the proliferative stage of the uterine cycle
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| ovum | the female gamete
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| para | a woman who has given birth
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| progesterone | hormone produced in the ovaries
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| progestins | female hormones generated in the ovaries and required for oogenesis
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| proliferative | adjectival form of proliferation; term signifying one part of the uterine life
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| prostate gland | male gland that produces and stores prostatic fluid
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| prostatic fluid | product of the prostate gland
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| reproductive tract | in the male reproductive system, the ductwork leading from the epididymus to the outside of the body
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| secretory | adjectival form of secrete; part of the uterine cycle
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| semen | combination of the male gametes, their associated glandular secretions, and prostatic fluid
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| diploid cell | cell containing both the maternal and paternal chromosomes
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| ductus deferens | duct leading out of the epididymis
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| embryo | name change from zygote after the first cell division and until the eight week of pregnancy
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| epididymis | organ in which the male sperm become functional
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| fallopian | tubes between the ovaries and the uterus
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| fertilization | the joining of the male and female gametes
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| fetus | name change from embryo after the eight week of pregnancy to birth
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| gamete | term given to both the female ovum and the male spermatozoon
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| gestation | development that occurs between the formation of the zygote and birth of the child
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| gonad | gamete-generating organ
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| gravida | a pregnant woman
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| haploid cell | cell containing only one set of chromosomes, those of either the potential father or the potential mother
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| meiosis | cell division that produces cells with only one set of chromosomes, those of either the potential father or the potential mother
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| menses | end of one uterine cycle and the beginning of another
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| menstrual cycle | part of the reproductive system process in women
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| amniotic sac | fluid-filled sac that surrounds the fetus inside the uterus
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| androgens | hormones that promote the production of male gametes
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| cervix | common term for the uterine cervix
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| chromosome | a gene-bearing bundle of DNA found in the nucleus of all cells
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| aminocentesis | extraction and diagnostic examination of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac
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| cervicectomy | excision of the uterine cervix
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| cervicitis | inflammation of the uterine cervix
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| cervicoplasty | surgical repair of the uterine cervix OR neck
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| cervicotomy | incision of the uterine cervix
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| Addison disease | a disorder characterized by a failure of the adrenal glands to produce hydrocortisone and in some cases aldosterone
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| Cushing syndrome | a hormonal disorder caused by too much hydrocortisone
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| Graves disease | a common form of hyperthyroidism resulting from over production of thyroxine; caused by a false immune system response
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| hydrocortisone | an adrenal gland hormone secretion
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| hyperpituitarism | excessive hormone secretion by the pituitary gland
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| hyperthyroidism | condition caused by an overactive thyroid; usually caused by an immune system disorder known as Grave's disease
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| hypophysitis | inflammation of the pituitary gland
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| hypopituitarism | condition of diminished hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland
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| pituitarism | any pituitary dysfunction
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| thyroaplasia | congenital condition characterized by low thyroid output
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| thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid gland
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| thyromegaly | enlargement of the thyroid gland
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| endocrinologist | medical specialist in endocrinology
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| endrocrinology | medical specialty of the endocrine system
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| adenectomy | excision of a gland
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| adentomy | incision of a gland
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| adrenalectomy | surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands
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| hypophysectomy | surgical removal of hypophysis
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| parathyroidectomy | surgical excision of the parathyroid gland
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| thyroidectomy | excision of the thyroid gland
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| thyroparathyroidectomy | excision of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
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| thyrotomy | surgery performed on the thyroid gland
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| somatotropin | hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland to signal the liver to secrete somatomedin, which stimulates growth
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| suprarenal glands | another name for the adrenal glands
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| thyroid gland | one of the four glands belonging solely to the endocrine system
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| thyrotropin | thyroid-stimulating hormone
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| throxine | a secretion of the thyroid gland
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| triiodothyronine | another secretion of the thyroid gland, which is often synthesized from thyroxine by bodily organs
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| adenitis | inflammation of a gland
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| adenohypophysitis | inflammation of the hypophysis
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| adrenalitis | inflammation of an adrenal gland
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| adrenalopathy | any disease of the adrenal glands
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| adrenomegaly | enlargement of the adrenal glands
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| diabetes insipidus | condition brought about by the posterior pituitary's failure to produce enough ADH
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| diabetes mellitus, Type 1 and Type 2 | condition brought about by insufficient production of insulin in the pancrease or the failure of teh body's cells to absorb glucose
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| goiter | chronic enlargement of the thyroid gland
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| hyperglycemia | excessive sugar in the blood
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| gonadotropin | interstitial cell-stimulating hormone; hormone promoting gonadal growth in the male
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| gonadotropin | luteinizing hormone; stimulates ovulation
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| hypophysis | synonym for pituitary gland
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| lipid derivatives | one of the three chemical classes of hormones
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| melanocyte-stimulating hormone | hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary gland
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| melatonin | hormone secreted by the pineal gland
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| neurohypophysis | synonym for posterior pituitary gland
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| noradrenaline | synonym for norepinephrine; produced in smaller amounts than adreanaline; has strong vasoconstrictive effects
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| norepinephrine | synonym for noradrenaline
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| oxytocin | hormone secreted by te posterior pituitary gland
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| parathyroid gland | secretes parathyroid hormone, which slows the loss of calcium from bone
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| peptide hormones | one of the three chemical classes of hormones
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| parathyroid hormone | a hormone that slows calcium loss from bones
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| pineal gland | glad that secretes melatonin, an antioxidant that is otherwise not well understood
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| pituitary gland | synonym for hypophysis
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| prolactin | a secretion of the anterior pituitary gland
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| adenogenous | originating in a gland
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| adenohypophysis | the anterior pituitary gland
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| adrenal glands | glads, located one at the top of each kidney
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| adrenaline | synonym for epinephrine, a powerful stimulant capable of producing a range of effects, such as increases in muscular strength and endurance
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| aldosterone | one of the corticosteroids, hormones produced by the adrenal glands
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| amino acid derivatives | one of the three chemical classes of hormones
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| antidiuretic hormone | hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland to prevent the kidneys from expelling too much water
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| cacitonin | hormone secreted by the thyroid to prevent too much calcium from absorption into the bones
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| corticosteroids | steroid produced by the cortices of the adrenal glands
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| corticotropin | pituitary secretion that stimulates the adrenal glands
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| endocrine | adjective describing a gland that delivers its secretions directly into the extracellular fluid
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| epinephrine | synonym for adrenaline, a powerful stimulant capable of producing a range of effects, such as increases in muscular strength and endurance
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| exocrine | adjective describing a gland that delivers its secretions through a duct onto the skin or other epithelial surface
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| gonadotropin | follicle-stimulating hormone; hormone promoting gonadal growth
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