Population Terms
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demography | the study of the changing of human population
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overpopulation | too many people or animals living in one area
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arithmetic density | population density measured by the number of people per unit area of land
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physiological density | the number of people per unit of area of land suitable for agriculture
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agricultural density | the number of farmers to the total amount of agricultural land
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crude birth rate | the total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people in a society
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crude death rate | the total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people in a society
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natural increase rate | the percentage growth of a population in a year; calculated as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate
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doubling time | the number of years needed to double a population
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total fertility rate | the average number of children a woman will have throughout her fertile lifespan (puberty - 45 years old)
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infant mortality rate | the total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1000 live births in a society
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life expectancy | the average number of years an individual is expected to live
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demographic transition model (DTM) | the process of change in a society's population
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agricultural revolution | the time when human beings first started domesticating plants and animals
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industrial revolution | when advancements are being made in technology
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medical revolution | the abrupt advance of medical knowledge
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zero population growth | a decline in the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero
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population pyramid | a bar graph representing distribution of population by age and sex
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primary economic activity | activities where natural resources are extracted from the Earth
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infrastructure | the fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area
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subsistence farming | farming that is used only for the gain of the one farming the land
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mechanization | to operate with or by machines
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replacement babies | a child who is conceived to replace a deceased child
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famine | extreme hunger
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epidemiology | science that is concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people
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epidemic | the rapid spread of an infectious disease to a large number of people in a short period of time
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pandemic | an epidemic of an infectious disease spreading to human populations across a large region such as continents
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phenomenon | something that can be observed or studied
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health care | the maintaining/restoring of health by the treatment and prevention of disease by trained professionals
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outliers | a person/thing that’s not attached to the main body or system
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family planning | intended to determine the number and spacing of one’s children
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contraceptives | a device or drug used to prevent pregnancy (birth control)
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economics | the part of something that relates to money
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politics | the art/science of government
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sociocultural | a combination of social and cultural factors
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advantageous | providing an advantage (beneficial)
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alleviate | to make easier to deal with
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stabilization | to make firm
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education | the art of learning new skills and knowledge
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primary education | elementary school (grades 1-8)
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secondary education | high school (grades 9-12)
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higher education | college; university
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gender empowerment | the measure of gender equality
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integrated | to combine two parts in a whole
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age dependency ratio | a measure showing the number of dependents (aged 0-14 and over the age of 65) to the total population (aged 15-64)
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sex ratio | the distribution of the sexes in a population, measured as the number of males per 100 females
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baby boomers | an individual born during the Post-World War II (1946-1964)
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indicative | showing or signifying something
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urbanization | a population shift from rural to urban areas
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