7th Grade Texas History Chapter 16 Review
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| Events that led to the Mexican War | 1) Border disputes, 2) Annexation of Texas, and 3) Admission Act
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| What was the border dispute? | When the U.S. and the Mexicans had different ideas of where the border was. (U.S. - Rio Grande; Mexcio - Nueces)
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| Who did President Polk order to Texas? | General Zachary Taylor
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| What was his nickname? (who President Polk ordered to Tx) | "Old Rough and Ready"
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| Where did General Taylor build a fort? | along the river near what is called Brownsville
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| Describe the events at the Rio Grande River | Force of 1600 Mexican cavalry crossed the Rio Grande and attacked more than 60 U.S. soldiers
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| When was the war officially declared (at the Rio Grande River)? | May 13, 1846
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| How did Texans respond to the call of war? | Thousands of volunteers rushed to join the army
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| Why did many Texans want to fight? | They wanted a chance to fight against Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
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| How many Texans fought in the Mexican War? | 6,000 Texans
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| Who did Juan Seguin fight for? Why? | He fought for Mexico. He feared his safety in San Antonio.
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| Who was governor of Texas at the time? What did he do when the war started? | The governor was James Pickney Henderson. He temporarily left office to fight in the U.S. Army.
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| Describe the contributions and problems the Texas Ranger brought to the U.S. forces. | Contributions: leadership, bravery, more fighters
Problems: didn't follow the orders of officers, attacked for no reason
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| Name some famous Rangers | John S. "Rip" Ford, John Coffee Hays, Ben McCulloch
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| What did the Mexicans call them? | los diablos Tejanos - "the Texas devils"
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| Who was Jane McManus Cazneau? | She was a reporter in Texas who joined a diplomatic group headed to Mexico. She became the only American Journalist to report behind the enemy lines.
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| What is an offensive? | a major troop advance
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| Where was the first important victory for the U.S. forces? | Monterrey
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| How did Santa Anna respond? | He sent Taylor a note demanding that U.S. forces surrender
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| What as Taylor's reply? | That he would never surrender
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| What was General Winfield Scott's strategy? | Under this plan, troops would land at Veracruz and march west to attack Mexico City, the nation's capitol.
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| Describe the outcome of Scott's strategy. | Polk liked this idea and sent more soldiers (successful)
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| What city did they capture that ended the war? | Mexico City
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| Other U.S. forces had taken control of what? | California and parts of New Mexico
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| When did the war end? | September 14, 1847
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| How many U.S. soldiers lost their lives? | 13,000
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| How did most of them die (U.S. soldiers)? | from major life-threatening diseases
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| Who was Nicholas Trist? | a U.S. diplomat
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| What is the importance of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? | to end the Mexcian War
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| What were the terms of the treaty? | 1) Mexico recognized the annexation of Texas and the Rio Grande as its border, 2) US agreed to cover $3.25 million claims US citizens had against Mex govt, and 3) Mexico agreed to turn over land for $15 million.
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| What was the Mexican Cession? | Mexico agreed to turn over, some 529,000 square miles of its Northern territory to the U.S. for $15 million
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| Once the war was over, what was the major issue in the U.S.? | slavery
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| What was Senator Clay's suggestion to end the debate in the U.S.? | Help border conflict - federal gov offered to pay Tx $10 million ; slavery - U.S. establishes border
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| What was this plan called (Senator Clay's suggestion)? | Compromise of 1850
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| What treatment did Tejanos receive after the war? | U.S. questioned loyalty of Tejanos - Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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| Examples of treatment that Tejanos received after the war. | Forced to leave Texas.
Discrimination against the Tejano
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| What was the occupation of most new Texans? | slaveholders
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| What was the state population in 1850? In 1860? | 1850: 212,592
1860: 604,215
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| How many African Americans lived in Texas? | more than 58,000 in 1850 to 183,000 in 1860. But fewer than 800 free. African Americans lived in Texas at the time.
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| How many Mexican Americans lived in Texas? | 12,000
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| What was the largest immigrant group in Texas? | German
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| Who was responsible for solving disputes with the Indians once Texas became a state? | The federal government
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| What problems were there in handling the disputes with the Indians once Texas became a state? | The state controlled all public land that Indians claimed.
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| What advantages did the Texas Rangers have in dealing with the Texas Indians? | The Texas Rangers had horses. They could cover land as quickly as the Comanche and Kiowa did.
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| Describe the location of the forts in Texas. | They stretched from the Rio Grande to the Trinity River.
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| What was the purpose of the forts in Texas? | They protected both settlers and travel routes.
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| Why did the army abandon the original line of forts? | There were soon established homesteads west of the original fort.
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| What were some problems that forts faced? | The forts were too far apart to protect settlers or to prevent them from moving west.
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| What are reservations? | limited areas of land reserved for American Indians
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| What were some problems faced on the reservations? | A drought in the mid 1850s made growing crops difficult
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| Why didn't all Indians want to live on them? | Most Indians wanted to maintain their traditional way of life.
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| How did Texans respond to the Indian Reservations? | They claimed that the Indians stole horses and cattle, the settlers formed armed groups to patrol the reservation boundaries, the settlers sometimes killed Indians found off the reservations.
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| Where did the Indians living on the Brazos and Comanche Reservation end up living? | They had been removed and put into Indian territory in what is now called Oklahoma
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| Who was Robert Neighbors? | Federal Indian agent
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| What happened to Robert Neighbors? | He was murdered by an angry Texan at Fort Belknap
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| Which Indian group was allowed to stay in Texas? | The Alabama - Cashatta
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| Why were the Cashatta allowed to stay in Texas? | They aided settlers fleeing east during the Runaway Scrape, because of this the Texans were friendly to them.
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