The digestive system/ urinary system
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| alimentary canal | the digestive tract, the gastrointestinal tract
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| antibody | antibodies contained in saliva that act as antibacterial agents
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| antrum | the part of the stomach nearest the entrance to the duodenum
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| cardia | the area of the stomach between the fundus and its main body
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| CHOLECYSTIS | gallbladder
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| chyme | name given to the liquefied food entering the duodenum
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| colon | the large intestine, divisible into the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colons
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| deglutition | swallowing
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| duodenal | adjective form of duodenum used in the terms naming some digestive system disorders
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| duodenum | segment of the small intestine connecting with the stomach
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| esophagus | the part of the digestive tract between the pharynx and stomach
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| fundus | part of the stomach
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| gastirc | adjectival form of stomach
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| hepatoid | resembling the liver
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| ileum | the longest segment of the small intestine, which leads into the large intestine
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| intestine | the small intestine is divisible into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; the large intestine comprises the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus
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| jejunum | eight-foot-long segment of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum
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| pancreatic | adjective for pancreas
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| salivary glands | collectively, the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular salivary glands
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| stomach | digestive organ composed of four parts; the fundus, the cardia, the body, and the antrum
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| cholecystits | inflammation of the gallbladder
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| cholecystopathy | any disease of the gallbladder
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| colitis | inflammation of the colon
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| colorrhagia | abnormal discharge from the colon
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| diabetes mellitus | a chronic metabolic disease characterized by the body's decreased ability to utilize carbohydrates and its enhanced ability to utilize proteins and lipids
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| dudenitis | inflammation of the duodenum
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| enteralgia | abdominal pain
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| enteritis | inflammation of the intestine
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| enterodynia | abdominal pain
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| enterogastritis | inflammation of the intestine and stomach
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| enterohepatitus | inflammation of the intestine and liver
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| enteropathy | any intestinal disease
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| enterrhagia | bleeding in the intestinal tract
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| enterospasm | painful peristalsis
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| enterostenosis | narrowing within the intestinal tract
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| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach
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| gastrocele | hernia of the stomach
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| gastrocolitits | inflammation of the stomach and colon
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| gastroduodenitis | inflammation of the stomach and duodenum
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| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and intestine
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| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver
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| hepatocele | protrusion of a part of the liver through an adjacent structure
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| hepatogenic | originating in the liver
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| hepatopathy | any disease of the liver
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| hepatorrhexis | rupture of the liver
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| jejunitis | inflammation of the jejunum
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| pancreatalgia | pain in the general area of the pancreas
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| pancreaitis | inflammation of the pancreas
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| pancreatopathy | any disease of the pancreas
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| sialoadenitis | inflammation of the salivary gland
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| sialoangiitis | inflammation of a salivary duct
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| sialorrhea | excessive production of saliva
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| sialostenosis | narrowing of a salivary duct
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| colonoscope | device used in colonoscopy
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| colonoscopy | visual examination of the colon with a colonoscope
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| duodenoscopy | visual examination of the duodenum with the aid of an endoscope
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| enteroscope | device for visually examining the intestines
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| eneroscopy | visual examination of the intestines
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| hepatoscopy | examination of the liver
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| sialography | radiography of salivary glands and ducts
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| enterology | branch of medical science dealing with the structure and diseases of the intestinal tract
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| gastroenterologist | a specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system disorders
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| gastroenterology | the specialty concerned with the digestive system
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| cholecystectomy | excision of the gallbladder
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| cholecystotomy | incision into the gallbladder
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| colectomy | excision of all or part of the colon
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| colopexy | fixation of the colon
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| colostomy | surgical establishment of an opening into the colon
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| colotomy | incision into the colon
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| duodenectomy | excision of the duodenum
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| dudenorrhaphy | suture of the duodenum
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| dudenostomy | surgical establishment of an opening in the duodenum
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| dudenotomy | incision of the duodenum
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| enterectomy | excision of part of the intestine
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| enteropexy | surgical fixation of part of the intestine
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| enterorrhaphy | suturing of the intestine
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| gastrectomy | excision of part of the stomach
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| hepatopexy | fixation of the liver
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| hepatorrhaphy | suturing of the liver
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| jejunectomy | excision of all or part of the jejunum
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| jejunoplasty | surgical repair of the jejunum
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| jejunotomy | incision into the jejunum
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| pancreatotomy | incision into the pancreas
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| sialoadenectomy | excision of a salivary gland
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| sialoadenotomy | incision of a salivary gland
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| cirrhosis | a serious liver condition characterized by diffuse deterioration of hepatic cells
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| diverticulitits | inflammation of a diverticulum
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| diverticulosis | presence of diseased diverticula in the intestine
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| diverticulum | a small pouch or sac leading off the main part of the intestine or bladder
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| ileostomy | a surgical opening into the ileum
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| peristalsis | involuntary muscular contractions that propel contents forward through the digestive tract
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| calculus | a kidney stone
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| electrolyte | electricity-conducting compound in solution
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| external sphincter | muscle that controls the release of urine from the first section of the urethra for subsequent expulsion
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| glomerulus | capillary network found inside each nephron
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| hilum | narrow part of the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter
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| internal shincter muscle | muscle that controls the release of urine from the bladder into the first section of the urethra
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| kidneys | pair of organs that excrete urine
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| micturition | urination
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| micturition reflex | reflex that signals the external sphincter to open
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| nephron | tiny structure within the kidney in which the urine-production process begins
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| perirenal fat | fatty tissue surrounding the renal capsule
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| renal capsule | thin inner covering enclosing the kidney
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| renal fascia | protective outer covering of the kidney
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| urea | natural waste product of metabolism that is excreted in urine
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| ureters | two tubes that transfer urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
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| urethra | tube that conducts urine away from bladder for expulsion
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| uric acid | natural waste product of metabolism that is excreted in urine
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| urinary bladder | temporary storage receptacle for urine
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| urine | water and soluble substances excreted by the kidneys
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| cystalgia | pain in a bladder, most often used to signify the urinary bladder
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| nephralgia | pain in the kidneys
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| nephritis | inflammation of the kidneys
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| nephromegaly | enlargement of one or both kidneys; renomegaly
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| nephropathy | any disease of the kidney
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| renal calculus | a kidney stone
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| renal hypoplasia | an underdeveloped kidney
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| renomegaly | enlargement of one or both kidneys; nephromegaly
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| renopathy | any disease of the kidney; the preferred term is nephropathy
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| ureteralgia | pain in a ureter
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| ureteritis | inflammation of a ureter
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| urethralgia | pain in the urethra
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| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra
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| urethrostenosis | narrowing of the urethra
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| ureterography | radiography of the ureter
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| urinalysis | analysis of urine
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| nephrologist | a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders of the kidneys
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| neprology | medical specialty dealing with the kidneys
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| urologist | a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders of the urinary system
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| urology | the medical specialty dealing with the urinary system
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| cystecotmy | excision of either the urinary bladder or the gallbladder; excision of the gallbladder is properly, and most often, called a cholecystectomy; since cyst also means cyst, a cystectomy can also mean "surgical removal of a cyst"
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| cystopexy | surgical fixation of either the gallbladder or the urinary bladder; this term is included because it is typical of the dual use of cysto
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| nephroectomy | removal of a kidney
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| nephrolithotomy | incision into the kidney to remove a calculus
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| nephrorrhaphy | suture of the kidney
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| nephrotomy | incision into a kidney
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| ureterectomy | excision of part or all of a ureter
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| ureterolithotomy | incision into the ureter to remove a stone
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| ureteroplasty | surgical repair of a ureter
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| ureterorrhaphy | suture of a ureter
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| urethrectomy | excision of all or part of the urethra
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| albuminuria | presence of protein in urine
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| anuria | absence of urine formation
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| cystocele | hernia of the bladder
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| cystoscopy | visual inspection of the bladder by means of a cystoscope
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| dialysis | filtration to remove colloidal particles from a fluid
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| diuretic | promoting the excretion of urine
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| dysuria | difficult or painful urination
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| glomerulonephritis | renal disease characterized by inflammation of glomeruli
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| glycosuria | urinary excretion of carbohydrates
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| hematuria | urinary excretion of blood
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| lithotripsy | treatment in which a stone in the kidney, urethra, or bladder is broken up into small particles
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| nephrolithiasis | the presence of renal calculi
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| nephroureterocystectomy | excision of a kidney, ureter, and at least part of the urinary bladder
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| oliguria | diminished urine production
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| polyuria | excessive urine production
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| pyelography | radiography of the pelvic area; kidney, ureters, and urinary bladder
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| pyuria | pus in the urine
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| uremia | an excess of urea in the blood
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| urinogenous | adjective denoting urine production
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| urinometry | test of urine for specific gravity
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