AP Bio Chapter 10
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| Autotrophs | Organisms that sustain themselves without eating or decomposing other organisms
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| Heterotrophs | Organisms that sustain themselves by consuming other organisms
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| Chlorophyll | Green pigment located in chloroplasts
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| Mesophyll | Tissue in the interior of the leaf
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| Stomata (Stoma) | Microscopic pores in the leaf
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| Light Reactions | First step of photosynthesis, involves turning solar energy into chemical energy
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| Calvin Cycle | Second stage of photosynshesis, involves carbon fixation and needs NADPH and ATP from light reactions
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| NADP+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate) | Temporarily stores energized electrons
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| Photophosphorylation | Generation of ATP by powering the addition of a phosphate group to ADP
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| Carbon Fixation | Incorporation of carbon into organic compounds
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| Wavelength | Distance between crests of magnetic waves
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| Electromagnetic Spectrum | The entire range of radiation
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| Visible Light | Between about 380 and 750 nm in wavelength, detectable by the human eye
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| Photons | Discrete particles of light
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| Spectrophometer | Measures ability of a pigment to absorb various wavelengths of light
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| Absorption Spectrum | Graph plotting light absorption versus wavelength
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| Chlorophyll A | Main type of chlorophytll in the chloroplast, provides clues for reletive effectiveness for different wavelengths of light for driving photosynthesis
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| Action Spectrum | Profiles the reletive performance of the different wavelengths more accurately than an absorption spectrum
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| Chlorophyll B | Accessory pigment similar to chlorophyll a, has slightly different absorption spetrum and color
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| Carotenoids | Hydrocarbons that are various shades of yellow and orange
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| Photosystems | Organization of chlorophylls and proteins with other small organic molecules
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| Reaction Center | Where the first light driven reaction of photosynthesis occurs
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| Primary Electron Receptor | Prevents electrons from dropping back into the ground state
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| Photosystem I (P700) | Best absorbs light at 700 nm (red area of spectrum)
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| Photosystem II (P680) | Absorption spectrum peaks at 680 nm (red area of spectrum)
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| Noncyclic Electron Flow | Predominant route for electron flow
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| Noncyclic Phototphosphoration | ATP synthesis during noncyclic electron flow
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| Cyclic Electron Flow | Alternitave path for electron flow
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| Cyclic Photophosphoration | No generation of ATP
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| Gylceralhyde 3-Phosphate (G3P) | The 3-carbon sugar/carbohydrate produced by produced by the Calvin Cycle
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| Rubisco | The most abundant protein in chloroplasts
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| C3 Plants | Plants where the first product of carbon fixation is a three-carbon compound
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| Photorespiration | Consumption of O2 in the light
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| C4 Plants | Plants that preface the Calvin Cycle with an alternitive mode of carbon fixation that forms a four carbon compound
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| Bundle-Sheath Cells | Tightly packed cells around the veins of a leaf
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| Mesophyll cells | Between bundle-sheath cells and the leaf's surface
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| PEP carboxylase | An enzyme that adds CO2 to PEP
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| Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) | Mode of carbon fixation where organic acids are stored in mesophyll until morning
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| CAM plants | Plants that have CAM
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