photosynthesis and cell respiration
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| photosynthesis | the process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy
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| autotrophs | organisms that use energy from sunlight or inorganic substances to make organic compounds
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| heterotrophs | organisms that get energy by consuming food
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| cellular respiration | the process by which cells harvest energy from food
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| pigment | a substance that absorbs light
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| chlorophyll | the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis (chlorophyll a and b)
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| carotenoids | absorb wavelengths of light different from those absorbed by chlorophyll
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| electron transport chain | the series of molecules down which excited electrons are passed in a thylakoid membrane
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| carbon dioxide fixation | the transfer of carbon dioxide to organic compounds
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| calvin cycle | a series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produces a three-carbon sugar molecule
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| aerobic | a process that requires oxygen
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| anaerobic | a process that doesn't require oxygen
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| glycolysis | the process by which glucose is broken down to pyruvate
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| krebs cycle | a series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions following glycolysis that produces carbon dioxide
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| fermentation | the recycling of NAD+ under anaerobic conditions
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| thylakoids | disk-shaped structures inside chloroplasts
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| cuticle | the part of the leaf that keeps water in
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| upper epidermis | the protective outer layer of the leaf
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| palisade mesophyll | the part of the leaf where most of the photosynthesis takes place
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| vein | transports nutrients throughout the leaf
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| air space | holds water and oxygen in the leaf
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| guard cell | opens and closes the stomate in the leaf
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| stomate | a hole that lets certain things enter and exit the leaf
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| ATP | energy that powers all cells reactions
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| ADP + P | ATP
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| energy flow | the predator gets 10% of it's preys energy
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| photosynthesis equation | 6CO2 + 6H2O in the presence of light and chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2
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| photoautotrophs | plants, algae, and some bacteria
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| visible light spectrum | Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet
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| chlorophyll gets it's color by... | reflecting green light and absorbing all over colors
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| chloroplast membrane | lipid bilayer
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| thylakoids | disks of membranes that contain chlorophyll
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| grana | stacks of thylakoids
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| stroma | fluid inside of the chloroplasts
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| light reactions | need light and take place in the thylakoid
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| calvin cycle or dark reaction | doesn't need light and takes place in the stroma
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| aerobic respiration | yields 38 ATP
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| anaerobic respiration | yields 2 ATP
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| cellular respiration equation | C6H12O6 + 6O2 in the presence of enzymes 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
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| chemoautotrophs | use chemical energy from inorganic substances to make food
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| final electron acceptor in respirations electron transport chain | oxygen
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| final electron acceptor in photosynthesis' electron transport chain | NADP
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