WVSOM -- OPP1 -- Lymphatics
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| What is the Lymphatic System? | A hollow system of the body that provides slow transit for fluids, nutrients, by-products, toxins and components of the immune system. It is a division of the circulatory system.
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| How does fluid get back to the heart? | Veins AND lymphatics
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| The lymphatic system is a close partner of what other system? | immune system
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| How do white blood cells get from the interstitium back into the system? | Lymphatic vessels
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| What are the two types of fluids that the lymphatic system carries? | Lymph and chyle
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| What carries long chain triaglycerols? | lymph vessels via the thoracic duct
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| What are the components of the lymphatic system?(5) | Tubes, Junctions, nodes, tissues/organs and fluid
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| Are the lymphatic vessels organized? | NO, they are unorganized
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| What are the characteristics of lymph capillaries? (3) | Single layer of flat endothelial cells, no valves and fragile
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| How are lymph capillaries connected to surrounding tissue? | anchoring filaments
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| What are Lymph precollectors? | larger than capillaries, 1-3 layers of endothelial cells with a few muscle cells. There are some one way valves every 2-3mm
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| What are the lymph collectors? | The main lymphatic transporting vessels. Have bicuspid valves with muscular units called lymphangions. They carry lymph to the nodes. They look like pearls
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| What are lymphangions? | muscular units found in the lymph collectors
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| What innervates lymphangions? | sympathetics
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| What are lymp ducts/trunks? | biggest lymph collectors. Theyare the final pathways in the venous system.
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| What is the largest lymphatic vessel? | thoracic duct
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| What does the thoracic duct do? | joins the lymphatic system with the venous system
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| What happens to the space between valves as diameter increases? | distance between valves increases
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| What is the cysterna chili? | RARE! It is an enlargement of the horacic duct
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| What does the right lymphatic duct junction with? | right jugular v. and right subclavian v.
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| What does the thoracic duct junction with? | left subclavian and left brachiocephalic v.
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| What is the area drained by the right lymphatic duct? | heart, right upper body
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| What does the left lymphatic duct drain? | drains left upper body, all lower body and thoracic viscera
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| How many times does the thoracic duct cross the thoracic inlet? | twice
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| What vessel goes into the lymph node? | Afferent lymphatic vessel
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| What vessels leave the lymph node? | efferent lymphatic vessel
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| How many lymph nodes in the body? | 400-700
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| What are the primary lymph tissues/organs? | lymphocyte production and maturation
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| What are secondary lymph tissues? | lymphocyte storage, antigen destruction
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| What are examples of primary lymph organs? | bone marrow and thymus
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| What are examples of secondary lymph tissues/organs? | spleen, tonsils, peyer’s patches, lymph nodes, vermiform appendix and sometimes the liver
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| What percentage of lymph is water? | 96%
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| What happens if lymph doesn’t move? | we get sick
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| Clear lymphatic fluid is called? | lymph
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| White lymphatic fluids are called? | chyle
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| What is chyle? | triaglycerol rich lymph
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| What is lymph made of? | water, electrolytes, protein, lipids, cells, toxins, clotting factors and body waste
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| What are the two sections of lymph flow? | superficial and deep
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| Where is superficial flow? | just under the skin. NOT directly stimulated by exercise
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| What is deep lymph flow? | muscles and viscera. STIMULATED by muscle contraction
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| What is lymph flow affected by? | interstitial fluid pressure, intrinsic lymphatic pump and extrinsic lymphatic pumps
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| What are intrinsic lymphatic pumps? | lymphangions
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| What are the extrinsic lymphatic pumps?(8) | arteries, diaphragms, respiration, peristalsis, extremity movements, vigorous excise, external compression and laughter.
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| How is OMT used to help the lymphatic system? | as an extrinsic measure
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| What are the five diaphragms? | Tentorium cerebella, occipitoatlantal fascia, cervicothoracic fascia, thoracolumbar fascia and lumbosacral fascia
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| Why are the diaphragms important? | part of the body’s extrinsic lymphatic pumping mechanism
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| What happens if you don’t have lymphatic drainage? | severe impairment to death
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| What is the cervicothoracic fascia? | Thoracic inlet
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| What is the lumbosacral fascia? | pelvic floor
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| What is the thoracolumbar fascia tied with? | respiratory diaphragm
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| How do we diagnose impaired lymphatic flow? | Look for size of difference in limbs, puffiness, stiffness, skin tension, heat, pain, numbness, paresthesia, skin temp, fibrosis and decreased ROM
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| What are the 3 different types of edema? | Lymphodynamic edma, lymphostatic edema (lymphedema), and safety valve insufficiency
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| What is lymphodynamic edema? | LYMPHATIC SYSTEM IS NORMAL. A condition of over accumulation of fluid in the body
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| What is lymphostatic edema? | FAILURE OF LYMPHATICS. A condition of inability to adequately remove lymph. Usually high in protein.
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| What is primary lymphedema? | ideopathic
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| What is secondary lymphedmea? | due to known causes
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| What is safety valve insufficiency? | combination of lymphodynamic edema and lypmhedema. It is usually complicated by gradual deterioration of lymph vessels
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| What are lymphatic vessels like in idiopathic lymphedem? | aplastic, hypoplastic or hyperplastic
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| Where does primary lymphedema usually occur? | lower extremity
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| Who usually has primary lymphedema? | females
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| What causes secondary lymphedema? | extrinsic factors such as radiation, surgery, post-inflammation and post-paralysis
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| What is most severe cause of secondary lymphedema? | filarasis. Leads to elephantitis
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| What are the complications of lymphedema? (4) | Infection, cellulitis, cancer, genital lymphedema and complications due to bandaging or other medical or surgical interventions
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| What are Zink’s Fascial patterns? | Common compensatory pattern.
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| What is common compensatory pattern for the occipitoatlantal fascia? | rotated left
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| What is the common compensatory rotation for cervicothoracic facia? | right
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| What is common compensatory rotation for thoracolumbar fascia? | left
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| What is the common compensatory rotation of the lumbosacral fascia? | right
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| How do you treat lymphatic problems with OMT? | Remove restrictions, move the fluid back into circulation.
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| What is the rule of thumb for lymphatics? | release central to distal athen pump distal to central
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| How do you remove restrictions? | treat fascia with myofascial release and normalize autonomics
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| How do you normalize autonomics? | rib raising, suboccipital inhibition and sacral rocking
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| How do you move fluid with OMT? | pump techniques and direct pressure techniques
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| What are relative contraindications for lymphatic OMT? | osseous fracture, acute bacterial infections, certain stages of cancer, severe osteoporosis, DVT and severe CHF
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Created by:
tjamrose
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