Chapter 10

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Question

Answer

Derek's parents are happy to be buying a new car, but he is not enthusiastic. He tells his parents that it is not fair that they are getting rid of the old car after all the car has done for them. Derek is demonstrating __________ in his thinking.

animism

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Piaget's theory, a symbol refers to a(n)

mental representation

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Which of the following scenarios does NOT exemplify the symbolic function?

brushing dog while someone is brushing hair

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Which of the following statements regarding fast mapping is correct

Linguists are not sure how fast mapping works.

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The preoperational stage of cognitive development marks a major qualitative leap in thinking because it ushers in

the use of symbolic thought

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Which of the following statements regarding television and language development is correct?

none of the above

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According to Piaget, children do not develop an understanding of their own mental processes until they are ___ years old.

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When children talk aloud to themselves with no intent of communicating with anyone else, their speech is referred to as

private speech

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Renee pours a glass of milk for her doll telling her mother that her doll is very thirsty. The attribution of life to a nonliving object is called

animism

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In Piaget's terminology, a mental representation to which a person has attached meaning is called a(n)

symbol

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Piaget tested children's egocentrism by using the __________ task.

3 mountain

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Jeremy has memorized the route that his bus takes to school. He can describe it in detail to his father. This is an example of

generic memory

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At age ___, children's language first becomes more adult-like as they incorporate compound and complex sentences, employ all parts of speech, and use prepositions and articles.

5 to 7

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Recent studies on children's theory of mind suggest that

most 3-year-olds can tell the difference between a boy who has a cookie and a boy who is thinking about a cookie; they know which boy can touch, share, and eat the cookie

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Ena is an average 3-year-old. By this age we would expect her to be able to use about __________ different words.

900 to 1,000

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Children often do not use deductive or inductive reasoning; they just jump from one idea to another and see causes where none exist. This is referred to as

transductive reasoning.

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Large-scale preschool programs have been developed nationwide because estimates indicate that ___% of children in poor urban areas enter school poorly prepared to learn.

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Yesterday, 5-year-old Josh heard his father say, "Water accumulates on the roof when it rains." It was the first time he had ever heard the word "accumulate." Today, Josh told his mother, "My toys accumulate in my room." Josh is exhibiting

fast mapping.

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When information is needed, David searches his mind looking for the answer and then writes it down. David's search is referred to as

retrieval.

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Police officers and social workers questioning young children about suspected abuse should do all of the following except

ask the same question more at least three times.

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Compared to children who have no imaginary companions, children who do have imaginary companions

are more fluent with language

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At preschool, Ms. Thomas often feels as though she has spent the morning with twice the number of students that she actually has. It seems that everyone has invited their imaginary friend to spend the morning. Which of the following statements regarding i

Boys are more likely than girls to have imaginary companions.

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Studies of autobiographical memory indicate that

is dependent on the development of language

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Which type of childhood memory begins at about age 2 and involves the use of scripts?

generic

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Which of the following statements about delayed language development is false?

Children with delayed language development almost always lack linguistic input at home.

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Compared to Project Head Start, the Chicago Child Parent Centers

extend their program from preschool through third grade.

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Ms. Wong is working with her first-grade students on a math problem. She asks them who has more crayons - Jamie who has five crayons or Juan who has seven. Ms. Wong assumes that her students have acquired

ordinality.

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Danielle is 7 years old and is beginning to develop memories that will form her personal life history. These memories are specific and long lasting. They are __________ memories.

autobiographical

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Unlike the majority of preschools in the United States, preschools in China emphasize

academic preparation for schooling.

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Tatiana's older sister, Jenny, wore a witch costume for Halloween. Even though Jenny looked like a witch, Tatiana understood that she was really her sister. This achievement of preoperational thought requires

the understanding of identities.

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According to Piaget, children first understand the distinction between appearance (what seems to be) and reality (what is) at about the age of __________ years.

5 to 6

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__________ is the ability to identify something encountered previously, and __________ is the ability to reproduce knowledge from memory.

Recognition; recall

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The preoperational stage of cognitive development marks a major qualitative leap in thinking because it ushers in

the use of symbolic thought.

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Annie was delayed in acquiring language as a child. Which of the following factors could have played a role in this delay?

all of the above

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Project Head Start serves only about half of eligible preschoolers because of

lack of adequate funding

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Which of the following statements about young children's eyewitness testimony is false?

Young children are usually accurate in recalling precise details of an event that varies with repetition.

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Which of the following is NOT an effective way to help preschool children become literate?

Avoid using new and unfamiliar words.

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Timothy does not understand that transforming the shape of a liquid (by pouring it from one container into another) does not change the amount of liquid. This represents which limitation in preoperational thought?

focusing on states

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Many children can classify by two criteria, such as color and shape, by the age

4 years.

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Piaget's theory, a symbol refers to a(n)

mental representation

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Information-processing theorists refer to the process of putting information into memory as

encoding.

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Based on a study reported in the textbook, which type of preschool in Washington, D.C. led to the most positive developmental outcomes?

child-initiated

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First-grade teachers have found that by the age of 6, their students typically have a spoken vocabulary of __________ words.

2,600

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One of the differences that was identified when children of different cultures were asked to remember an experience was that

American children were usually the chief characters of their stories.

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According to Piaget, which of the following characteristics is NOT part of preoperational thought?

reversibility

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the understanding of identities.

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Children often do not use deductive or inductive reasoning; they just jump from one idea to another and see causes where none exist. This is referred to as

transductive reasoning

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Which of the following statements regarding television and language development is correct?

none of the above

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Lenny, who is 4 years old, is playing outside in the snow when he suddenly asks his father for a cup of hot chocolate. According to Piaget, Lenny's ability to think about hot chocolate, even though there is none around, shows that he is capable of

symbolic function.

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Which of the following statements best explains the Flynn effect?

Test scores of children have risen steadily since testing began, forcing test developers to raise standardized norms. Test scores of children have risen steadily since testing began, forcing test developers to raise standardized norms. Test scores of

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The best-known compensatory preschool program for children of low-income families in the United States is

Project Head Start

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child's ability to understand what a new word means, despite hearing it only once or twice, is called

fast mapping

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Because of its lack of reliability, __________ memory has become an important issue in lawsuits involving charges of child abuse.

episodic

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Which of the following statements about Project Head Start is false?

Long-term positive effects of compensatory preschool programs have not been documented.

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