WVSOM -- Urinary System
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| What is the doorway of the kidney? | Hilum
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| What is in the Hilum? | renal vessels and the renal pelvis
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| What is teh renal pelvis | the upper expansion of the ureter
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| What is the kidney divided into? | outer cortex and inner medulla
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| Where does filtering of water happen? | Cortex
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| What does teh cortex contin? | Renal corpuscles and kidney tubles
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| What are teh medullary pyramids? | most of the medulla.
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| What is ratio of papilla to minor calyx? | 1:1
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| What do the papilla havce? | they are dotted with tiny holes which are the openings of teh collecting ducts draining into the minor calyx.
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| What are renal columns | colums of cortical material between the medullary pyramids
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| What is a renal lobe? | each renal pyramid plus its overlying cortex.
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| What is a renal copruscle | Made up of bowm's capsule and a ball of capillaries called teh glomerulus
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| What are the 2 types of nephrons based on the length of the loop of Henle? | Outer cortical (short) nephrons
Juxtamedullary (long) nephrons
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| What are outer corical nephrons? | the renal corpuscles of these lie in the outer part of the cortex. They have short loops of henle that extend for only a small distance into the medulla.
ALWAYS HAVE VERY SHORT OR NO THING ASCENDING LIMBS!!!
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| What are Juxtamedullary nephrons? | The renal corpuscles are deep in teh cortex and have long loops of henle that extend deep into the medulla. 15% are juxtamedullary.
They set up the osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid.
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| What is a glomeruls | ball of capillaries in the renal corpuscle
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| What kind of arterioles go thru the renal corpuscle? | afferent and efferent arterioles
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| What is boman's capsule | a double-walled, cup-shaped exansion that surrounds the glomerulus.
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| What are the two layers of the Bowman's Capsule? | Visceral layer and parietal layer
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| What is the visceral layer of the Bowman's Capsule? | Podocytes are directly attached to the endothelial cells of the glomerulus. Contains the filtration membrane
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| What makes up the filtration membrane of the visceral layer? | Pedicels, capillary endothelium and the basement membrane
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| What are polocytes? | main cells of the visceral layer.
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| What is the parietal layer of the Bowman's Capsule? | simple squamous epithelium. It is continuous with the visceral layer at the vascular pole. There is a capsular space between the parietal and visceral layer of the capsule
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| What is the glomerulus | It is here that the tissue fluid, or filtrate enters teh capsular space.
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| What is the tissue characteristics of the glomerulus? | Glomerular endothelium that is very thin and fenestrated
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| What is the proximal convoluted tubule? | Begins at the renal corpsucle's urinary pole. Has microvilli that form a brush border.
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| How much does the proximal convoluted tubule reduce the volume being filtrated? | 80%
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| What is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule? | Glucose, amino acids adn vitamins
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| What are some materials that are excreted here? | penicillin and dye
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| What is the loop of henle? | Runs in a medullary ray and extends into themedulla. It has a thick descending limb and a thin descending limb and a thin ascending limb with a thick ascending limb structure.
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| What is in the thin limbs of the loop of henle? | simple squamous
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| What is permeable in the thin descending limb of the loop of henle? | water, sodium and chloride ions
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| What does the thin ascending limb of the loop of henle do? | pumps sodium, potassium and chloride out of the filtrate and into the interstitial fluid around the tubules
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| What does the loop of Henle act as? | a counter current multiplier to create an increasingly hypertonic interstitial fluid form the corticomedullary junction to teh medullary papillae.
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| What is the ascending limb of the loop of henle impermeable to? | water
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| What is the distal convoluted tubule? | The distal convoluted tubule is back to being cuboidal epithelium
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| What does the distal convoluted tubule do? | makes final adjustments to the salt, water and acid-base balance.
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| What hormone acts on the distal convoluted tuble and what does it do? | Aldosterone causes the distal convoluted tuble to reabsorb sodium from the filtrate and put it into the interstitial fluid and exrcrete potassium into the filtrate.
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| Where is aldosterone made? | Zona glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex
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| What does ADH do to the distal convoluted tubule? | Antidiuretic hormone acts on the last part of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts making them permeable to water.
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| When is ADH secreted? | under conditions when small amounts of water are ingested or when tehre is a great loss of water such as in hemorrhage
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| What does alcohol do to the release of ADH? | inhibits it
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| What happens to the urine when ADH is released? | water is removed from the filtrate and the urine is hypertonic (concentrated)
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| What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus? | Distal convoluted tuble + tunica media of afferent ateriole.
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| What does teh juxtaglomerular apparatus respond to? | drop in blood pressure
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| What does renin do | plays an important role in control of sodium and blood pressure.
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| What causes renin secretion? | sodium deficiency
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| What is the macula densa? | distal convoluted tubule + tubica media of afferent arteriole
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| What does the Macula Densa do? | monitors the DCT fluid chloride concentration so that the juxtaglomerular apparatus can control the filtration rate
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| What is the path of blood thru the kidney? | Renal artery -> Segmental artery -> Interlobar Artery -> Arcuate artery -> Interlobular artery -> afferent arteriole -> Glomerulus -> Efferent arteriole -> Peritubular capilaries -> Vasa recta -> Interlobular Vein -> Arcuate Vein -> Interlobal Vein -> Ren
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| Flow of urine is: | Papilla -> Minor calyx -> major calyx -> Renal pelvis -> ureter
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| Ureter Tissue order: | Transitional epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis
adventitia
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| Bladder H&E: | epithelium
muscularis (dtrusor muscle) it is a huge layer.
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| What is key landmark getting thru the urinary system? | transitional epithelium
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| Where does bladder cancer usually happen? | At the neck
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Created by:
tjamrose