WVSOM -- Differentiation
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| What is differentiation? | the process of transformation into a different cell type
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| What is determination? | when a cell is specified to differentiate into another type
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| What is commitment | the point when a cell must differentiate into another type so that it looses the ability to differentiate into any other cell types
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| When can determination and commitment occur? | before or after differentiation
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| What are differentiated cells? | specialized cells with limited or no ability to transofrm into other cell types
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| What are undifferentiated cells? | cells that have not transformed into a specialized cell type
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| What are specialized cell types? | cells with distinctive morphological characteristics and/or molecular processes.
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| What id dedifferentiation | for a specialized cells to trasnform into a cells specialized cell type
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| What is anaplasia? | dedifferntiation to an embryonic cell type
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| What is metaplasia? | Transformation of one differentiated cell type into another
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| What is neoplasm? | abnormal, new growth
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| What is totipotency | ability to differentiate into any cell type
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| What are examples of totipotency? | germ line, gametes, zygotes and early blastomeres
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| What are pluripotency and multipotency | ability to differentiate into multiple cell types
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| What are examples of pluripotency and multi potency? | hemopoietic cells and fibroblases
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| When is pluripotency used? | for less differentiated cells
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| What are stem, precursor or progentior cells? | cells that differentiate into other cells types
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| What are blastomeres? | early embryonic cells
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| What are blast cells | stem cells from any embryonic stage
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| What is mesenchyme | loosely organized blast cells from all 3 germ layers
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| What is autonomous specialization? | intracellular signals that control differentiation
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| What is intercellular induction? | signals between cells controlling cellular differentiation
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| What are hormones? | non-nutrient molecules secreted by a cell to induce a response in another cell
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| What are growth factors? | hormones that control growth and development
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| What are characteristics of differentiated cells? | Specialized structures and/or features
Slow or arrested cell cycle
Impaired ability to transform into other cell types
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| Is differentiation an all or nothing process? | no. Some cells are more differentiated than others
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| What is an example of different levels of differentiation? | zygote < hemopoitic cell < leukocyte
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| The more differentiated a cell is, the _________ the ability to regenerate. | lower
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| What are examples of differentiated cells that have virtually no ability to regenerate and why? | nerve and muscle because they are SO specialized they can't be regenerated
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| What are examples of differentiated cells that are able to regenerate and why? | skin and liver because they are not highly specialized.
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Created by:
tjamrose
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