Kidney/Gonad Development
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| What are the steps in the process of UG development-analogy to plumbing? | 1. Install the pipes
2. Move the filtration system
3. Deal with the sewer
4. Remodel the pipes
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| What is installing the pipes? | achieve the sexually indifferent stage
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| What is the moving of the filtration system? | Ascent of the kidneys
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| What is dealing with the sewer? | Differentiation of the cloaca
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| What is the remodeling of the pipes? | achieving sexual differentiation
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| At the 3-4 week the inetermediate mesoderm becomes | nephrogenic cord
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| Nephrogenic cord gives rise to | mesonephrus and gonads
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| Endoderm becomes | cloaca
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| cloaca gives rise to | urethra and rectum
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| At week 3 the nephrogenic cord forms the | pronephros
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| What happens to the pronephros? | regresses as more caudal units are formed
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| What happens at week 4 as the pronephros regresses permenantly? | Mesonephrus is formed
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| Mesonephric duct is also known as the | Wolffian duct
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| Week 5 the metanephros is formed caudally by | mesoderm
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| What grows out from teh mesonephric duct into teh metanephros? | ureteric bud
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| What does the ueteric bud give rise to? | ureter
Kidney outflow
renal pelvis
calyces
collecting tubules
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| The paramesonephric duct develops from the | lateral mesothelium
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| Cranially, the ends of the paramesonephric duct opens into the | peritoneal cavity
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| Caudally the paramesonephric duct fuse | caudally in the furture pelvis
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| Week 5-6 the paramesonephric duct fuses caudally to form the | uterovaginal peritoneum and the Mullerian tubercle
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| Week 5 the genital ridge is formed by the proliferation of _____________ and condensation of ___________. | epithelium;mesenchyme
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| The ridge formed by the developing gonad and the mesonephros is the __________ ridge | urogenital
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| What are the indifferent gonads? | primitive sex cords
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| What adult structures do the mesonephric duct form? | Most of the internal male reporductive system
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| What adult structures do the metanephric duct form? | uereter
renal pelvis
calyces
colle ting tubules
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| What adult structure does the paramesonephric duct form? | uterus
uterine tubes
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| What adult structres does the pronephros form? | gone by 4th week
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| What does teh mesonephros form? | TBFIL
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| What adult structure forms from the metanephros | kidneys
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| What adult structure does the genital ridge form? | gonads
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| What adult structure does the cloac form? | bladder
anal canal
Prostrate
urethral and paraurethral glands
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| Kidneys receive progressively cranial branches off the | aorta
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| The most superior branch of the aorta that the kidney receives is the _________- | renal artery
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| What happens if a kidney is horseshoe-shaped? | It gets stuck under the inferior mesonteric artery
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| The cloaca is derived from ________ | endoderm
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| The cloaca becomes partition from | week 4-7
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| If an accessory renal artery remains it may obsturct the | ureter
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| The ventral partition of the cloaca becomes the | urogenital sinus
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| The dorsal portion of the cloaca is the | anorectal canal
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| The urogenital septum becomes the | perineal body
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| The UG septum is formed by three folds. What are they? | 2 lateral folds and one cranio-caudal fold
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| The urogential sinus gives rise to the adult ______________________. | bladder
urethra
uracus
part of phallus
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| Anal canal gives rise to the adult | rectum and anal canal
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| Externally, the division of the cloaca ends with | urethral fold
genital swelling
genital tubercle
anal fold
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| The allantois becomes a fibrous cord called the | ruachus
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| The urachus becomes the | median umbilical ligament
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| Week 6 is the march of the | germ cell
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| Where do germ cells march? | they migrate from teh yolk sac to the hindgut and move toward the genital ridge
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| What do the germ cells carry? | male or female chromosome
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| What are germ cells responsible for? | differentiation into male or female
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| What 3 things have to be differentiated? | gonads
ducts
external genetalia
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| SRY gene encourages the primitive sex cords to | proliferate
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| tunica albuginea | layer of fibrous connective tissue surrounding the testis
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| testis cords | Duct system within the testis
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| Intersitial cells of Leydig and sertoli cells | responsible for producing testosterone and inhibiting mullerian ducts
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| What remains as teh mesonephros continues to regress/ | efferent ductules
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| The epididymus forms as the ___________ elongates. | mesonephric duct
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| The caudal outbudding of the mesonephric duct becomes the | seminal vesicle
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| Between the seminal vesicle and epididymus becomes the | Ductus deferens
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| What does the mesonephric duct become in males? | epididymus
seminal vesicles
vas deferens
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| What does teh paramesonephric duct become in males? | generally gone
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| What does gonad become in males? | testes
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| The elongation of the genital tubercle in the male elongates forming a | urethral groove
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| The urethral groove becomes teh | penile urethra
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| the Penile urethra later forms the | external urethral meatus
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| Phallus/genital tubercle = | glans penis
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| urethral folds = | body of penis
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| Genital swelling = | scrotum
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| Genital tubercle in a male becomes the | phallus/glans penis
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| The urethral fold becomes the __________ in the male. | body of the penis
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| The genital swellings become what in the male? | scrotum
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| WNT4 gene and estrogens influence | ovarian differentiation
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| Surface epithelium | layer of fibrous connective tissue
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| Ductuli efferentes | do not communicate with folicular cells and continue to regress
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| Primary oocytes are surrounded by | follicular cells
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| What tubles remain as the mesonephros regresses in teh female? | epoophoron
paroophoron
gartner's cyst
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| The paramesonephric duct meets up with other side midline and forms the | uterine tubes and uterus
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| Uterus is formed completely by | the paramesonephric cutcs
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| What is the vagina formed from? | endoderm and mesoderm
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| What female structure is formed from teh mesonephric duct? | gone
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| What female structure does the paramesonephric duct form? | uterine tubes
uterus
cervix
superior portion of vagina
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| What female structure does the urogential sinus form from? | distal 2/3 vagina
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| What does the gonad develop into in the female? | ovary
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| What female structure does the genital tubercle become? | clitoris
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| What female structure does the urethral fold become? | labia minora
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| What female structure does the urethral groove become? | vestibule
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| What do the genital swellings become? | labia majora
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| What is the suprarenal gland surrounded by? | the fibrous connective tissue capsule
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| What are the three arteries to the suprarenal glands? | superior suprarenal artery
middle suprarenal artery
Inferior suprarenal artery
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| Blood from each suprarenal glad is drained by | a single suprarenal vein
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| Where does the left suprarenal vein drain? | left renal vein
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| Where does the right suprarenal vein drain? | inferior vena cava
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| What are chromaffin cells? | essentially sympathetic ganglia cells
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| Pre-synaptic sympathteics to the suprarenal gland come from | T10-11 via the lesser splanchnic nerves
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