WVSOM -- Mutation
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mutation | Any change in DNA sequence
🗑
|
||||
| 5 types of Silent Mutations | 3rd base of a wobbly codon
Spliced out intron
Spacer region of chromosome
Similar amino acids
Protein regions that aren’t critical
🗑
|
||||
| 5 types of Point Mutations | Transition
Transversion
Missense mutation
Nonsense mutation
Framesense mutation
🗑
|
||||
| Mutant | entity with a mutation
🗑
|
||||
| Wild type | nonmutated, found in nature
🗑
|
||||
| Polyploidy | Triploidy
🗑
|
||||
| 5 examples of Chromosomal aberration | Deletion
Insertion
Duplication
Translocation
Inversion
🗑
|
||||
| Spontaneous mutation | no known cause
🗑
|
||||
| Induced mutation | Intentional mutanenesis
🗑
|
||||
| Aneuploidy | Monosomy
Trisomy
🗑
|
||||
| Silent mutations | mutation with no effect
🗑
|
||||
| What are point mutations? | Changing a few, usually one, base pairs
🗑
|
||||
| Missense Mutation | altering one amino acid
🗑
|
||||
| Nonsense Mutation | A premature stop codon producing a truncated polypeptide
🗑
|
||||
| Frame shift mutation | Altering reading frame by insertion or deletion of sequence that is not a multiple of 3
By one insertion change the whole reading.
🗑
|
||||
| Chromosomal Aberrations | Change in chromosome structure
🗑
|
||||
| Deletion | Loss of sequence
🗑
|
||||
| Insertion sequence | Gain of sequence
🗑
|
||||
| Duplication | Copying sequence
🗑
|
||||
| Translocation | Transfer of sequence
🗑
|
||||
| Inversion | Flip flopped sequence
🗑
|
||||
| Crossing over within inversion regions results in ____________ | Duplication and deletion of chromosome arms
🗑
|
||||
| Chromosome3 Duplication-Deletion syndrome | Inversion
🗑
|
||||
| Cri-du-chat syndrome | Deletion of chromosome 5
Microcephaly
Wide eyes
Severe mental retardation
Cry of the Cat
🗑
|
||||
| What is euploidy? | to possess complete sets of parental chromosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Haploidy | one complete set
🗑
|
||||
| diploidy | two complete sets
🗑
|
||||
| polyploidy | more than two sets
🗑
|
||||
| triploidy | three complete sets
🗑
|
||||
| What is the genetic make up of down syndrome? | trisomy 21
🗑
|
||||
| What genetic make up is Edwards syndrome? | trisomy 18
🗑
|
||||
| Can kids with edward syndrome live? | no
🗑
|
||||
| What is genetic make up of patau syndrome? | Trisomy 13
🗑
|
||||
| What are symptoms of Edward's Syndrome? | club feet
overlapping fingers
only a fraction survive to birth and most die by 1 week
🗑
|
||||
| What is patau syndrome | central face deformities
🗑
|
||||
| Turner Syndrome genetic problem | Monosomy XO
All or part of the x chromosome is missing
🗑
|
||||
| Symptoms of Turner Syndrome | physical abnormalities, such as short stature, lymphoedema, broad chest, low hairline, low-set ears, and webbed neck.
🗑
|
||||
| Klinefelter syndrome genetic make up | XXy
🗑
|
||||
| Klinefelter syndrome symptoms | gynamastia
tall
underdevelopment of sexual organs (testes)
🗑
|
||||
| Extra sex chromosomes | XYY
Normal phenotype
Indistinctable from wild type
🗑
|
||||
| What are endogenous mutagenic Processes? | naturally occuring within the cell
🗑
|
||||
| What are DNA ligase errors? | chromosomal aberrations
🗑
|
||||
| Examples of endogenous mutagenic processes | DNA ligase errors
Unequal Crossing over
Nondisjunction
DNA Polymerase Infidelity
Cytosome p-450 System
Depurination
Deamination
Tautomeric Shifts
🗑
|
||||
| mutagenic | ability to produce mutations
🗑
|
||||
| mutagenesis | process of producing mutations
🗑
|
||||
| mutagen | factor that produces mutations
🗑
|
||||
| What are exogenous agents? | Environmental factors, from outside the body
🗑
|
||||
| What is unequal crossing over? | instead of exchanging in the same place it is unequal downstream
🗑
|
||||
| What is nondisjunction? | Aneuploidies
During meiosis one of the chromosome pairs does not separate so two copies go to one cell and the other inherits nothing.
🗑
|
||||
| What is cytochrome p-450 system? | hepatic detoxification system, osidizing hydrophobic compounds for excretion, activating some mutagens
🗑
|
||||
| What is depurination? | purine excision
🗑
|
||||
| What is deamination? | Excision of an amino group from A,C or G
🗑
|
||||
| What are tautomeric shifts? | Transient changes in electron configuration of bases
🗑
|
||||
| What are examples of exogenous mutagenic agents? | Radioactive
Chemicals
🗑
|
||||
| What is most common radioactive mutagen? | ultraviolet light
🗑
|
||||
| What is ultraviolet light in terms of mutation? | low energy, electromagnetic radiation, sun light, excites ele trons, induces thymine dimers
🗑
|
||||
| What are ionizing radiation in terms of mutagenesis? | Higher energy, alpha adn beta particles, x rays, excise electrons, and induce point mutations mostly
🗑
|
||||
| What are gamma rays in terms of mutogenesis? | very high energy, electromagnet radiation, cleave chemical bonds and induce chromosomal aberrations.
🗑
|
||||
| Chemical mutagens | alkylating agents
strand cleavers
base analogs
intercalating agents
insertional elements
🗑
|
||||
| What are alkylating agents? | nitrogen mustard, add methyl or ethyl groups. interfere with replication and cause poitn mutations and chromosomal aberrations
🗑
|
||||
| What are strand cleavers? | peroxides and sulfer compounds.
React with phosphodiester bonds and create chromosomal aberrations
🗑
|
||||
| Base analogs | bromouracil.
mimic nucleotides and cause transition mutations
🗑
|
||||
| What are intercalating agents | Proflavin.
Wedge themselves into DNA and mimic a base pair.
Stresses phosphodiester backbones resulting in DNA breaking
🗑
|
||||
| Insertional Elements | viruses and traonsposons.
jump in and otu of chromosomes, disrupt, add or delete sequence
🗑
|
||||
| What is proofreading? | 3' - 5' exonuclease activity of the DNA replication apparatus
🗑
|
||||
| What is DNA ligase? | This enzyme automatically joins any free 3' OH of one strand with a 5" phosphate of another.
🗑
|
||||
| What is direct base repair? | enzymes that correct covalently damaged bases
🗑
|
||||
| What is excision repair? | Specific enzymes that recognize base pair mistakes or covalently damaged nucleotides, and nick an adjacent strand. Then other enzymes excise the inapproprate base pairs and fill in the gap.
🗑
|
||||
| What enzyme fills in gaps? | DNA Polymerase beta
🗑
|
||||
| Natural selection question | will be given a scenario and must be able to recognize what is most likely the case where natural selection is teh cause.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
tjamrose
Popular Genetics sets