AICP Prep: Public Participation and Social Justice
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| Why do planners engage the community? | Traditional, foundational goals of a planner include bringing together diverse groups to work for a common goal.
Planners have an ethical obligation to involve citizens.
Gov't processes often require community input (e.g. NEPA)
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| What parts of the AICP Code of Ethics allude to citizen participation? | A planner's primary obligation is to serve the public interest. A planner: owes allegiance to a conscientiously attained concept of the public interest; must strive to provide full, clear and accurate info on issues to citizens and gov't decision makers
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| List Public Participation Tools | Design (or Planning) Charrette
Delphi Method
Nominal Group Technique (Delbeqc)?Force Field Analysis?
Facilitation / Mediation
Public Hearing
Brainstorming
Focus Groups
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| Explain the procedural steps to solve complex planning situations | 1.explore problem
2. gather knowledge
3.preliminary review
4. design and implement
5. evaluate and review
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| Explain the Delphi Technique | (also "Policy Delphis") Developed in 1944 by Army. Used to develop consensus between groups in conflict. Does not need to involve meeting. Concept is that successive rounds of argument and counter-argument will lead to convergence / consensus.
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| Explain the Nominal Group Technique ("Delbecq") | Brainstorming. Good for groups where specific individuals tend to dominate. Involves problem identification, generating solutions, selecting alternatives. Question is formulated and asked; individuals answer; answers are prioritized; process repeats.
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| Explain a Charrette | Effective for developing consensus quickly. Intense collaborative effort to develop detailed plan (stakeholders, staff, citizens, etc.)
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| Explain Mediation | Mediation is a dispute-resolution process typically used to solve conflicts w/out involvement of the court. Uses neutral third-party
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| Explain Facilitation | Facilitation uses a respected member of the community with no stake in the outcome who works with groups of differing view points.
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| Define Social Justice | SJ ensures all people have access to the process.
Stems from the concept that people should be able to realize their potential in the communities in which they live.
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| Public Part Tools: Citizen Surveys | Written, oral, mail-in, in person, or by telephone. Also data collection (e.g. counting)
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| Public Part Tools: Fishbowl Planning | Decision makers do their work in a "fishbowl" so the public can view their deliberations. Citizens can participate by moving about the room to indicate preferences.
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| Public Part Tools: Coffee Klatches | small meetings within neighborhood (usually in someone's home). Good for 2-way communication. Can be costly and labor-intensive
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| Public Part Tools: revolving conversations (aka Samoan Circles) | Leaderless meetings that require active participation. Requires microphones and several people to record. Set up center table surrounded by concentric circles. Works best with controversial issues. Good for 10 - 500 people.
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| Public Part Tools: study circles | numerous small groups work in different locations and come together to share. Are structured around a study guide.
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Created by:
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