Stack #171754
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| cell division | -cell splitting-life based on cell reproduction
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| cell cycle | an ordered sequence of events in the life of a dividing eukaryotic cell
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| genome | cells total herditary endowment of DNA
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| somastic cells | all body cells except reproductive cells which contain 46 chromosomes
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| gametes | sperm cells and egg cells which have 23 chromosomes
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| chromatin | DNA protein complex organized into long, thin fibers
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| sister chromatids | replicated forms of chromosome joined together by the centresome and eventually separated by mitosis or meoisis II
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| centrosome | centralized region joining two sister chromatids
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| Mitosis | the division of the nucleus, accomplished in 5 steps
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| cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm
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| meiosis | 2 stage type division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in gametes with half the chromosome number of the original cell
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| mitotic (M) phase | - both mitosis and cytokinesis- shortest part of the cycle
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| Interphase | -long- successive mitotic cell divisions- Divided into G1, S, and G2 phases
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| Prophase | chromatin condenses
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| Prometaphase | distinct chromosomes
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| Metaphase | chromosomes pulled to opposite ends of the cell
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| Anaphase | everything else begins to separate to opposite ends of the cell
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| Telophase | - two daughter cells form- cytokinesis begins
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| Mitotic Spindle | structure which consists of fibers made of microtubules and proteins which the other phases depend upon
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| kinetochore | a structure proteins and specific sections of DNA at the centresome
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| astars | -in the g2 part of interphase- shape the microtubules form as they extend
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| metaphase plate | imaginary plane equidistant from the two poles where the chromosomes aline before dividing
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| cleavage forrow | a groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate
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| cell plate | plant cell version of the metphase plate
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| binary fission | prokaryotic cell reproduction (cell division)
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| cell cycle control system | a cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle
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| checkpoint | critical point where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle
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| G(zero) Phase | a non-dividing, no growth state
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| cyclin | a protein that gets its name from its cyclically fluctuating concentration in the cell
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| cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) | a protein kinase that is active only when attached to a particular cyclin
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| MPF | a protein complex required fo a cell to progess from late interphase to mitosis, the active form consists of cyclin and cdc2, a protein kinase
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| growth factor | a protein released by certain body cells that stimulates others to divide
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| density dependent inhibition | crowded cells stop dividing
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| anchorage dependence | to divide, they must be attracted to a substratum, such as inside of a jar or cell matrix of a tissue.
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| transformation | the process that converts a normal cell to a cancer cell
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| tumor | a mass of abnormal cells within an otherwise normal tissue
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| benign tumor | when the abnormal cells remain at the original site
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| malignant tumor | invasive enough to impair other organs
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| metastasis | spread of cancer cells
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