Reverse Definitions-Bloody, Lymph and Immune Systems
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| hemophilia | a hereditary disorder in which there is an impairment of the blood clotting mechanism
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| hemoglobin | a specialized plasma protein containing iron which gives blood its red colour and carried oxygen to the body tissues
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| immunocompetent | ability to develop an immune response or recognize antigens and respond to them
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| edema | abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular spaces of the body
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| disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) | abnormal activation of the proteins involved in blood coagulation, causing small blood clots to form in vessels and cutting off supply of oxygen to distal tissues
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| thrombocytopenia | abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets in the bone marrow or increased destruction of platelets in blood vessels, spleen and liver
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| hemosiderosis | abnormal increase of iron in the blood
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| leukocytosis | abnormal increase of white cells
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| lymphadenopathy | any disorder of the lymph nodes
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| hemoglobinpathy` | any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule
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| immunotherapy | any form of treatment that alters, enhances, stimulates, or restores the body's natural immune mechanisms to treat disease
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| von Wellebrand disease | bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of von Wellebrand factor, a sticky protein that lines blood vessels and reacts with platelets to form a plug that leads to lot formation
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| antiserum | blood serum that contains antibodies
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| megakaryocyte | cell with a large nucleus; fragments become platelets
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| cytokine | chemical substance produced by certain cells that initiates, inhibits, increases, or decreases activity in other cells
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| pernicious anemia | chronic progressive anemia found mostly in people older than age 50 due to lack of sufficient vitamin B12 needed for blood cell development
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| blood | composed of liquid portion called plasma and a solid portion containing RBC's WBC's and platelets
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| graft-versus-host (GVHD) | complication that occurs following a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the
transplant produces antibodies against recipient's organs
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| phagocytosis | condition of eating or ingesting cells
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| leukopenia | decrease in white blood cells
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| thrombocytopenia | decrease of platelets
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| erythropenia | decrease of red blood cells
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| antimicrobials | destroy bacteria, fungi and protozoa, depending on the particular drug, generally by interfering with the functions of their cell membrane or their reproductive cycle
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| thrombolysis | destruction of a clot
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| hemolytic | destruction of RBC's commonly resulting in jaundice
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| erythrocytolysis | destruction of red cells
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| dyspnea | difficulty breathing
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| adenopathy | disease of a gland
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| thrombolytics | dissolve blood clots by destroying their fibrin strands
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| vertigo | dizziness
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| myeloblast | embryonic WBC formed in bone marrow
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| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen
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| autoimmune disease | failure of body to accurately distinguish between what is "self" and what is "non-self"
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| hematopoiesis | formation of blood cells and platelets in the bone marrow
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| bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging | highly sensitive imaging procedure that detects lesions and changes in bone tissue and bone marrow, especially in multiple myeloma
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| allergy injections | injection with increasing strengths of the offending antigen give or a period of months or years to increase tolerance o an antigen responsible for server allergies
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| reticulocyte | immature RBC
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| folic acid deficiency anemia | inability to produce sufficient red blood cells due to the lack of folic acid a B vitamin essential for erythropoiesis
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| transfusion | infusion of blood or blood products from one person to another
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| homologous | infusion of bone marrow or stem cell from a compatible donor after a course of chemotherapy and or radiation. Also called allogenic transplant
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| bone marrow transplant | infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after the disease bone marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy and or radiation treatment. Used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers
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| autogolous | infusion of the patient's own bone marrow or stem cells
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| sickle cell anemia | inherited anemia that causes RBC;s to become crescent or sickle shaped when oxygen levels are low
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| lymphoscintigraphy | introduction of radioactive tracer into the lymph channels to determine lymph flow, identify obstructions, and locate the sentinel node
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| iron-deficiency anemia | lack of sufficient iron in RBCs
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| monocyte | leukocyte that is phagocytic; has large nucleus
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| esoinophil | leukocyte that protects the body by releasing toxins to destroy harmful invaders
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| basophil | leukocyte that releases histamines and heparin; slightly phagocytic
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| hematoma | localized accumulation of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue due to a break in or severing of a blood vessel
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| hypotension | low blood pressure
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| multiple myeloma | malignant tumor of plasma cells in the bone marrow
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| erythrocyte | mature red blood cells
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| anitfibrinolytics | neutralized fibrinolytic chemicals in mucous membranes of the mouth, nose and urinary tract to prevent the breakdown of blood clots
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| monospot | nonspecific rapid serological test for the presence of heterophile antibody, which develops several days after infection by Epstein-Barr virus, the organism that causes mono nucleosis
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| phlebotomy | obtaining blood for the purpose of testing
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| immunologist | one who specializes in the study of protection
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| thrombocythemia | over production of platelets, leading to thrombosis of bleeding disorders due to platelet malformations
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| hypochromic | pertaining to decrease in colour
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| thrombocyte | platelet; initiates blood clotting
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| sepsis | presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood; also called septicemia or blood posioning
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| fat-soluble vitamins | prevent and treat bleeding disorders resulting from lack of prothrombin which is commonly called vitamin K deficiency
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| anticoagulants | prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting the synthesis or inactivating one or more clotting factors
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| antivirals | prevent replication of viruses within host cell
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| graft rejection | process in which recipient's immune system attacks a transplanted organ or tissue
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| antibody | protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to he presence of a foreign substance called an antigen
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| tachycardia | rapid heart beat
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| erythema | redness of the skin
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| anemia | reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells
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| bone marrow aspiration | removal of a small sample of bone marrow using a thin aspirating needle for microscopic examination
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| lymphadenectomy | removal of lymph nodes, especially in surgical procedures undertaken to remove malignant tissue
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| sentinel node excision | removal of the first lymph node that receives drainage from cancer containing areas and the on most likely to contain malignat cells
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| thymectomoy | excision or removal of thymus gland
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| myeloid | resembling bone marrow
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| complete blood count (CBC) | series of test that include hemoglobin, hematocrit, red and white blood cells counts; platelet counts, and differential count. Also called hemogram
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| aplastic (Hyoplastic) | serious form of anemia associated with bone marrow failure and resulting in erythropenia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia.
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| natural killer cells (NK) | specialized lymphocytes that kill abnormal cells by releasing chemicals that destroy the cell membrane, causing its intercellular fluids to leak out.
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| hemocytoblast | stem cell, from which other blood cells develop
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| antigen | substance, recognized as harmful to the host, that stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual
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| bile pigment | substances derived from a the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted by the liver
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| lymphedema | swelling (edema) primarily in a single arm or leg, due to accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels
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| partial thromboplastin time (PTT) | test that measures the time it takes for blood to clot and screen for deficiencies of some clotting factors; also called active partial thromboplastin time
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| prothrombin time (PT) | test that measures the time it takes for prothombin to for a clot also called pro time
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| blood culture | test to determine the presence of pathogens I the bloodstream
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| Shilling test | test used to diagnose pernicious anemia by determining if the body properly absorbs vitamin B12 through the digestive tract
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| antinuclear antibody (ANA) | test to identify antibodies that attack the nucleus of the individual's own body cells
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| plasma | the liquid portion of blood where blood cells are suspended
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| neutrophil | the most numerous of white cells, highly phagocytic
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| morphology | the study of shape
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| viscous | thick, sticky
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| myeloid tissue | tissue which resembles the myelocyte
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| lymphoma | tumor of the lymph tissue
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| granulocyte | type of white blood cell containing granules; formed in the red bone marrow
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| agranulocyte | type of white blood cell without granules
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| biological | use of immune system stimulators to enhance the immune response in the treatment of certain forms of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn disease, also called biologic therapy or biotherapy
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| lymphangiography | visualization of lymphatic channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium to determine blockages or other pathologies of the lymph system
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| systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) | widespread autoimmune disease that may affect the skin, brain, kidneys, and joints and causes chronic inflammation; also called discoid lupus if symptoms are limited to the skin,
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| lymphocytes | white blood cell in blood and lymphatic tissues; provides protection from bacteria
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| leukocyte | white blood cell; prevents invasion of foreign microorganisms
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