WVSOM -- Nucleic Acid Structure
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| Basic Dogma | DNA -> RNA -> Protein
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| Molecular Biology | elucidation of biological principles with the use of nucleic acids
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| Nucleic Acid | Nucleotides polymerized by phosphodiester bonds
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| DNA | double stranded polymers of deoxyribonucleotides
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| RNA | single stranded polymers of unmodified nucleotides
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| Chromosome | single molecule of DNA, often millions of base pairs long.
Encode most of a cell's genes
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| gene | entire DNA sequence controlling a specific trait, usually by encoding a polypeptide or functional RNA
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| Ribose | 5 carbon sugar that constitutes the central moiety of mucleotides
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| Ribose carbons important for polymerization | 3' and 5'
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| Bases | side groups of nucleotides attached to teh 1' carbon of ribose
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| 5 bases | cytosine
urasil
thymine
guanine
adenine
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| Pyridimine | base with one ring
cytosine, uracil or thymine
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| purine | nucleotide with a base with 2 rings
adenine or quanine
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| nucleoside | base attached to 1' carbon of ribose without a phosphorylated 5' end
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| nucleotide | nucleic acid subunit consisting of ribose with a 5' phoshporylated carbon, and base bound to th 1' carbon
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| Deoxynucleotide | modified nucleotide that lacks the 2' hydroxyl group of its ribose moiety
Used to produce DNA
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| Subunits of nucleic acids are produced by linking them together with ______________ bonds. | phosphodiester
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| What carbons are bonded betweens the nucleic acids | 3' hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate of an incoming nucleotide
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| Subunits of nucleic acids are produced by linking them together with ______________ bonds. | phosphodiester
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| What carbons are bonded betweens the nucleic acids | 3' hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate of an incoming nucleotide
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| What direction does nucleotide polymerization occur? | 5' -> 3'
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| Distinctions between RNA and DNA | 1) DNA lacks 2' Hydroxyls
2) DNA has Thymidine, RNA uses Uridine
3) DNA is much larger than RNA
4) DNA forms double helices
5) DNA is methylated
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| DNA length | millions of base pairs long
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| RNA length | ~50 - 40000 nucleotides long
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| Why is DNA methylated? | so that RNAase does not recognize it and degrade it
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| Annealing or reannealing | to allow denatured DNA strands to reform double helices
done by heading solution and cooling SLOWLY
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| Base pairs in double helix are held together by | hydrogen bonds
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| Complimentary | two strands to have matching, mirror image sequences, so tha every A of one strand is paired with a T of the otehr.
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| Antiparallel | the two strands of teh double helix are in opposit, 5' - 3' orientation
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| denaturing, deannealing or melting DNA | for double helices to dissociate into single strands due to adverse conditions such as elevated temperature
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| Hybridizaiont | 2 strands from different sources to anneal
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| Antisense RNA | RNA with a sequence complimentary to a DAN or RNA.
Antisense RNA will form a double helix
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| Charge of DNA and RNA | Negatively charged acids
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| Major groove | wide space in the ribbon model
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| Minor groove | narrow span
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| Alternate conformations of DNA | B DNA
A DNA
Z DNA
Triple-helical DNA
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| B DNA | normal double helix
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| A DNA | more compact than B DNA with more tilt to the base pairs
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| Z DNA | left handed double helix, characteristic of regions. may be involved in repression
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| Triple Helical DNA | forms between two polypyrimidine and one polypurine strands.
totally test tube
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Created by:
tjamrose
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