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SMS Oceanography

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Question
Answer
Hydrothermal Vent   this is where cold water seeps through cracks in the ocean floor, is heated by the mantle, and rises back up bringing minerals  
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Surface zone   the depth from the surface down to 200 meters where sunlight penetrates and the temperature is 17.5 degress Celsius  
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Deep zone   From 1 km down to the ocean floor. No sun reaches this zone and temperature is 3.5 degrees Celsius  
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Current   flow of water in an ocean that may be deep or at the surface  
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Coriolis effect   The earth's rotation causes surface currents to flow in circular patterns  
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Upwelling   upward movement of cold water from the ocean floor  
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Neritic zone   area between intertidal zone and open ocean  
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Holdfast   a bundle of rootlike strands that algae use to attach to rocks  
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bioluminescence   production of light from a living things  
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continential shelf   a gently sloping shallow area of the ocean floor that extends from a continent.  
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seamounts   a mountain that are completely underwater  
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trench   a deep canyon or valley in the ocean floor, so deep that you can't see the bottom  
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run-off   an example of pollution that can't be traced to a specific point (non-point specific)  
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crest   the highest point on a wave  
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plankton   tiny algae and animals that float with the currents  
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food web   the feeding relationship within a habitat  
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brackish water   water made of partly fresh water and partly salty water  
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estuaries   a coastal inlet or bay where fresh river water mixes with salty ocean water  
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salinity   total amount of dissolved salts in the ocean  
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submersible   an underwater vehicle that is able to travel to the deep ocean  
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mangrove forests   short, strong trees that grow well in brackish water and protect the shore from erosion  
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aquaculture   farming of salt and fresh water fish  
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nodules   black lumps of metal that concentrate around shells on the ocean floor  
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Point source pollution   a type of pollution that can be traced to the exact place it began  
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dunes   protect the beach from strong waves crashing against it  
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waves   these form when winds blow across the water surface and transmit their energy into water  
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