Chapter 8 & The War Room
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| _________________________ elections produce the largest voter turnout. | Presidential
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| __________________________ issues have increased in importance in campaigns in recent years. | Valence
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| A __________________________ issue is one in which the rival candidates have opposing views on a question that also divides the voters. | position
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| A _____________________________ issue is one in which a candidate fully supports the public’s view on a matter about which nearly everybody is in agreement. | valence
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| A major difference between presidential campaigns and congressional campaigns is that congressional incumbents can do what? | take credit for grants/earmarks, frank
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| A major difference between presidential campaigns and congressional campaigns is that ____________________________ campaigns are generally more competitive. | presidential
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| About ________ percent of promises made in political parties’ platforms between 1944 and 1964 were kept. | 74
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| An election that brought about a significant reduction in taxes, spending, and regulatory practices was that in __________. | 1980
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| An example of a _________________________ issue was when Jimmy Carter seemed more likely to favor honesty in government than did his opponent in 1976. | valence
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| Assume you are running for office on the Greenbelt ticket and need to reach all of the environmentalists in your area. Your best bet is to rely on what? | direct mail
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| Candidates are most at risk of verbal slips when? | debating
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| Compared with paid television advertising, television visuals such as an appearance by a candidate on the nightly news are probably less _________________________ but more ____________________ with voters. | informative; credible
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| Current finance rules for campaigns give a major financial advantage to whom? | incumbents
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| David Broder suggested that the first task facing anyone who wishes to become president is what? | getting mentioned
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| For a presidential primary candidate to be eligible for federal matching funds, he or she must first do what? | raise $20,000 in each of 5 states in contributions of $250 or less
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| Fundamental realignments of the major parties seem to have occurred in which elections? | 1860, 1896, and 1932
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| Funding of congressional elections comes from what sources? | individuals, PACs, & parties
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| How effective are television spot ads? | zero
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| In numbers rather than percentages, the smallest contribution to Democratic vote totals is made by what group? | Jews
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| In the 1980 presidential election, many voters voted for Ronald Reagan over Jimmy Carter as a vote against Carter, not out of loyalty to Reagan. Such a vote is referred to as what? | clothespin
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| In the 2000 election George W. Bush wanted to let people put some of their Social Security money into private savings accounts; Al Gore opposed this. This is an example of a _________________________ issue. | position
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| Many scholars argue that the foremost factor in determining how people vote is what? | party identification
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| One advantage that Congressional incumbents always have over challengers is what? | franking privilege
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| One effect of the way that federal matching funds are made available to candidates for presidential campaigns is to give candidates an incentive to do what? | raise money from small contributions
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| One reason why the approach used by a candidate in a general election may not work in a primary is that a primary candidate must do what? | appeals to the more ideologically strident activists
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| One way for a candidate to avoid embarrassing slips of the tongue during campaigning is to do what? | rely on stock speeches
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| Party realignment seems to have been most closely related to what? | new and important issues
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| Party realignments most often occur as a result of strong disagreements over real issues. An example of an issue that caused a realignment is ___________________ in 1860, which split the _____________________________ party in half. | slavery; Democratic
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| Prospective voting involves voting according to what? | future expectations
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| Retrospective voting generally helps an incumbent except when what has happened? | the economy has worsened
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| Retrospective voting involves basing your vote on what? | past performance
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| Ronald Reagan made a dozen speeches a day to audiences all over the country while he was doing what? | spokesman for General Electric
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| Ronald Reagan won in 1984 primarily because of what? | voters were pleased with the economic climate
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| Split-ticket voting was not possible in the United States until what was adopted? | Australian ballet
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| The term sleeping giant can best be applied to the vote of which group? | Latinos
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| The costs of a general election for each major party are covered by whom? | taxpayers (except for Obama)
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| The Democrats have lost their once-strong hold on what three groups? | Catholics, southerners, union members
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| The government contributes matching funds to presidential candidates. These funds match which contributions? | up to $250
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| The Hoboken Democratic party raises thousands of dollars from local corporations, without regard to FEC limits, for a campaign to register voters. Has the party broken the law? | no – soft money
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| The kind of campaign activity most notably on the increase in recent elections is what? | broadcasting
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| The legal limit on what a congressional candidate may spend is what? | valence
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| The limit set on the amount any person can contribute to a single candidate (in a single election) by the 1974 campaign-finance reform law was $_______________________. | $1,000 (now changed to $2,300)
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| The positive effect of television is best illustrated by the 1992 campaign of which presidential candidate? | Perot
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| The text argues that the U.S. constitutional system was designed to make the adoption of radical departures in policy what? | difficult
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| To win the presidential nomination, as opposed to the general election, candidates generally present themselves as more ____________________________ if a Democrat or more ____________________________ if a Republican. | liberal; conservative
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| Until the early nineteenth century, parties chose their presidential nominees by __________________________________ _________________________________. | party caucuses
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| Usually the first crucial test of strength in a presidential campaign comes in what state? | Iowa
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| What are the two crucial phases in winning an election? | getting nominated and getting elected
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| What groups are truly essential to a presidential campaign organization? | paid staff, volunteers, advisors
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| What is the value of presidential coattails to congressional candidates of the same party? | it is becoming less significant
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| What was the 1992 Clinton campaign’s internal slogan? | speed kills
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| What was the name of the command center of the 1992 Clinton campaign? | the war room
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| When a voter votes for the candidate whom he or she considers more likely to do a better job in office, the voting is referred to as what? | prospective
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| Which 1992 presidential candidate first dropped out of the race and later re-entered? | Perot
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| Which party tends to be more loyal to its candidate in presidential elections? | Republicans
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| Which party tends to do better in competing for the vote of self-described independents? | Republicans
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| Who served as campaign manager for President Clinton in the 1992 campaign? | James Carville
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| Who won the New Hampshire Democratic Primary in 1992? __________________________________ Who finished second? ___________________________________________ | Paul Tsongas; Bill Clinton
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