Cell structure and function
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| Who from the 1600's coined the word "cells"? | Robert Hooke
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| Who from the 1600's used a single-lens microscope to look at pond water? | Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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| What are the three concepts of the cell theory? | All living things are made of cellsCells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.New cells are produced from existing cells.
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| Who concluded plants are made of cells? | Schleiden
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| Who concluded animals are made of cells? | Schwann
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| Who concluded that cells come from existing cells? | Virchow
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| Who concluded that structures in some cells were once free-living? | Margulis
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| What are cells that do not have a nucleus? | prokaryotes
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| What are cells that do have a nucleus? | Eukaryotes
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| What are the small stuctures in the cell called? | organelles
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| What is the cytoplasm? | jelly-like material that holds the organells
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| What is the nucleus? | contains most of the cells DNA.
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| What is the nuclear envelope or nuclear membrane? | The pore-like structure that surrounds the nucleus.
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| What is the function of the cytoplasm? | Provides structure for the cell and helps the organells move proteins.
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| What is the nucleus' function? | Gives all the instructions for the cell.
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| What is the function of the nuclear membrane? | Allow things to enter and leave the nucleus.
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| What is chromatin? | granular material in the nucleus consisting of DNA and protein
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| What is the function of the chromatin? | condenses to make chromosomes
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| What is the nucleoulus? | small, dense region in the nucleus
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| What is the function of the nucleoulus? | Where the assembly of ribosomes begins
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| What are ribosoomes? | small particles of RNA and protein
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| What is the function of ribosomes? | produce proteins by following coded instructions from DNA
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| What is the endoplasmic reticulum? | the organelle that is involved in transportation of materials
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| What is the names of the two types of endoplasmic reticulum? | smooth and rough
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| What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum besides transportation? | lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled
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| What is a specific function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | the ribosomes are chemically modified
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| What is a specific function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | synthesizes membrane lipids and detoxification of drugs
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| What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum look like? | a bunch of tunnels with ribosomes on them
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| What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum look like? | a bunch of tunnels with no ribosomes on them
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| What is the golgi apparatus or golgi bodies? | an organelle involve in the the finishing touches of the ribosomes
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| What is the function of the golgi apparatus? | to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage or secretion
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| What does the golgi apparatus look like? | a bunch of flat pancakes
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| What are lysosomes? | small organelles filled with enzymes
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| What is the function of lysosomes? | to digest or breakdown lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and useless organelles into small molecules
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| What is a vacuole? | storage units
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| what is the function of vacuoles? | store materials like wate, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
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| What does the vacuole in a plant look like? | a single, large liquid filled vacuole
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| What is a contract vacuole? | some organisms have a vacuole that allows them to pump out excess water
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| What are mitochondria? | organelles that provide energy
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| What is the function of mitochondria? | converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that the cell can use
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| Which sex does the mitochondria coome from? | the mother
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| What are chloroplasts? | organelles that are involved in photosynthesis
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| What is the function of organelles? | They capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemicals
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| What two organelles contain their own DNA? | mitochondria and chloroplast
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| What is the cytoskeleton? | A supporting structure and transporting system
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| What is the function of the cytoskeleton? | Helps maintain the cell's shape and helps with movement in the cell
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| What are microfilaments? | threadlike structures made of a protein called actin
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| What is the function of microfilaments? | assemble and disassemble for some organisms to move and give a framework for support in the cell
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| What are microtubules? | hollow structures made of proteins known as tubulins
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| What is the function of microtubules? | maintain the cells shape
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| What is the function of microtubules in animals? | form centrioles that are involved in cell division
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| What is a function of micrutbules for single cells? | build cilia and flagellum
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| What is the cell membrane? | lipid bilayer
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| What is the function of the cell membrane? | to allow things in and out of the cell and provide protection
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| What is a cell wall? | Only in plants and plant-like organisms outer layer
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| What is the function of the cell wall? | to provide support and protection
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