4.2 Pathologies
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| aneurysm | dilation or widening of a blood vessel caused by weakness in the wall of the blood vessel.
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| arrest | the cessation of the heartbeat.
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| arteriosclerosis | disease characterized by hardening of the walls of the arteries.
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| arteriosclerotic heart disease | a pathological state in which the coronary arteries have become hardened.
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| atherosclerosis | form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty substances deposit in and between the layers of the lining of arteries.
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| avascular necrosis | condition in which there is death of tissue because of a lack of blood supply through the blood vessels
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| bacterial endocarditis | inflammation of the inside lining of the heart caused by bacteria
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| circulatory collapse | sudden failure of circulatory system and respiratory systems, resulting in a profound degree of shock.
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| congenital heart defect | heart defect that a child is born with
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| congestive heart failure | condition in which the heart fails to pump blood adequately, and cause congestion or backup of blood.
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| corpulmonale | form of heart disease resulting from disease in the lungs.
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| coronary artery disease | pathology that is present in the coronary vessels that supply blood to the heart.
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| coronary occlusion | obstruction to circulation of blood in the heart.
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| embolus | ball of clotted blood and possibly other substances that is carried within the bloodstream.
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| heart attack | sudden seizure of pain and inability of the heart to function because of an interference in coronary circulation.
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| heart block | normal path of the electrical conduction through the heart is blocked, preventing normal contractions of the heart.
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| hemangioma | tumor consisting of blood vessels.
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| hematoma | swelling that contains blood.
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| hemorrhoid | dilated vein filled with blood in the area of the anal sphincter
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| hypertension | elevation of the blood pressure aboce normal limits
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| hypotension | condition of blood pressure below what is considered normal limits.
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| myocardial infarction | necrosis or death of a portion of the heart muscle
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| myocardial insufficiency | action of the muscle of the heart is not adquate
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| myocardial ischemia | decrease in the blood supply to the muscle of the heart.
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| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein.
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| pulmonary stenosis | condition in which there is constriction or narrowing of the main blood bessel to the lungs.
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| rheumatic heart disease | damage to the heart and scarring of the heart valves as a result of rheumatic fever.
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| shock | collapse of circulatory function.
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| tamponade | cardiac condition in which fluid builds up in the pericardial sac to the point that the heartbeat is impaired.
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| thrombophlebitit | inflammation of a vein that results in the formation of a blood clot.
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| thrombus | blood clot attached to the wall inside a blood vessel.
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| valvular disease | pathology of the valves of the heart.
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| valvular insufficiency | valve does not work efficiently.
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| valvular regurgitation | valve does not close completely, allow some blood to flow backwards.
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| valvular stenosis | condition in which there is a narrowing of the opening of a valve.
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| varicose veins | enlarged, twisted veins, particularly in the lower extremities.
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