Test prep and terms for A&P chapters 3, 4, 5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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| What are the main parts of the integumentary system? | hair, skin, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
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| What are the three layers of skin? | Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous Layer
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| What is in the middle (Dermis) layer? | Connective tissue, blood vessels, collagen
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| What is the term for a freckle or birthmark? | Macule
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| What is the term for a sweat gland? | Sudoriferous
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| What is the medical term for a black and blue mark? | Ecchymosis
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| What is a 1st degree burn? | reddened skin, minor swelling
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| What is a 2nd degree burn? | epidermis and dermis damaged, blistering and adema
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| What is a 3rd degree burn? | epidermis and dermis completely gone, no pain
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| What is sebum? | oil
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| Where is it produced? | Sebaceous gland
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| What is lordosis? | swayback, excessive anterior lumbar curve
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| What is kyphosis? | hunchback
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| What is scoliosis? | lateral curvature
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| What are the main parts of the Axial skeleton? | Head, neck, spine, chest, trunk
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| What are the main parts of the Appendicular skeleton? | Pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle, lower extremities
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| What are the main types of fracture? | Closed, Compound, Complete, Comminuted, Greenstick
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| What is a closed fracture? | simple break, no skin breakage
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| What is a compound fracture? | skin broken
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| what is a complete fracture? | clean break
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| What is a comminuted fracture? | shattered, splintered bone
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| What is a greenstick fracture? | incomplete break
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| How many cervical vertebrae are there? | 7
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| How many thoracic vertebrae are there? | 12
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| How many lumbar vertebrae are there? | 5
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| What is the most common joint in the body? | Synovial
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| What is the term for an irregular heartbeat? | Arrhythmia
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| What are arteries? | Blood vessels that move blood away from the heart
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| What are veins? | Blood vessels that move blood towards the heart
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| What is another name for the bicuspid valve? | Mitral valve
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| What is a treadmill test? | Stress test. Method of evaluating cardiovascular fitness
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| Where does the left atrium get blood from? | Pulmonary veins
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| What is systemic circulation/circuit? | Heart to tissues and cells and back to heart
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| What is pulmonary circulation/circuit? | Between heart and lungs.
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| Which artery supplies blood to the heart? | Coronary arteries
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| What is the node that regulates the beat of the heart? | Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
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| Oxygen exchange happens in what type of vessel? | Capillaries
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| Alopecia | baldness
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| aneurysm | weakness in the wall of an artery resulting in localized swelling of the artery.
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| anhidrosis | abnormal condition of no sweat
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| arrhythmia | irregular heartbeat
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| arthralgia | joint pain
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| arthr/o | joint
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| arthritis | joint inflammation
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| arthrodesis | medical procedure to stabilize a joint by using the two bones together
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| arthroscopy | process of visually inspecting the inside of a joint
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| ausculation | listening to sounds within the body by using a stethescope
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| biopsy | piece of tissue removed to be examined under microscope
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| Bx | biopsy
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| cardiomyopathy | disease of the myocardium
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| cost/o | rib
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| cyanosis | blueish tint to skin cause by deoxygenated blood
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| -dynia | pain
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| erythema | redness or flushing
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| erythroderma | redness or flushing of skin
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| fibrillation | abnormal quivering or contractions of heart
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| fibromyalgia | pain in the muscles and soft tissues
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| HTN | hypertension
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| Jaundice | yellow cast in skin, mucous membranes, whites of eyes, caused by deposit of bile pigment
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| keloid | formation of a raised thickened hypertrophic scar after injury/surgery
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| melanin | black pigment of skin
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| myel/o | bone marrow
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| myocardial infarction | HEART ATTACK; condition caused by complete occlusion of coronary arteries
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| necrosis | dead tissue
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| onych/o | nail
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| orth/o | straight
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| orthopedist | dr. specialized in musculoskeletal system
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| pericardium | sac around the heart
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| physiatrist | physical therapy specialist
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| pil/o | hair
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| podiatrist | dr. specialized in feet and lower legs
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| pulse | expansion/contraction produced by blood as it moves through the artery
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| rickets | bone deformity caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency in early childhood
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| -rrhaphy | suture
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| -stenosis | narrowing
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| what are the organs of the cariovascular system? | Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins
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| What does the circulatory system (CV system)do? | delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells, picks up carbon dioxide and other waste from cells and delivers to lungs, kidneys, and liver for elimination
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| What circulatory systems is the CV divided into? | Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation
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| What is the average bpm of the heart? | 60 - 100 bpm
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| What is the outermost layer of the heart? | pericardium
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| What is the endocardium? | inner most layer of heart, lines heart chambers, smooth thin layer reduces friction as blood flows through chambers
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| What is the myocardium? | middle layer of heart, thick muscle, contraction of this layer develops pressure required to pump blood through blood vessels
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| What is the epicardium? | outer layer of heart,forms the visceral layer of pericardial sac, fluid between layers of pericardial sac reduces friction as heart beats
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| What are the four chambers of the heart? | Left and right atria, left and right ventricles
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| What are the four valves of the heart? | Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral (bicuspid), aortic
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| What is the pacemaker of the heart called? | Sinoatrial node
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| What is lumen? | the channel within blood vessels
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| angiogram | record of a vessel
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| angiitis | inflammation of a vessel
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| angioplasty | surgical repair of a vessel
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| angiostenosis | narrowing of a vessel
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| cardiorrhexis | ruptured heart
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| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein
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| murmur | abnormal heart sound such as soft blowing sound or harsh click; also called a bruit
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| catheter | flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into/out of body
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| palpitations | pounding, racing heartbeats
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| regurgitation | a flow backwards; in CV system refers to backflow of blood through a valve
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| Aporcrine glands | sweat glands; produce odor
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| embolus | obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off from a thrombus in another site
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| hemorrhoid | varicose veins in the anal region
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| hypertension (HTN) | high blood pressure
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| thrombus | blood clot in a blood vessel
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| varicose veins | swollen and distended veins
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| AFB | Atrial fibrillation
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| AMI | acute myocardial infarction
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| AS | arteriosclerosis
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| ASD | atrial septal defect
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| ASHD | arteriosclerotic heart disease
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| AV, A-V | atrioventricular
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| BBB | bundle branch block
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| BP | blood pressure
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| bpm | beats per minute
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| CABG | coronary artery bypass
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| CAD | coronary artery disease
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| cath | catheterization
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| CC | cardiac catheterization, chief complaint
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| CCU | coronary care unit
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| CHF | congestive heart failure
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| CoA | coarcation of the aorta
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| CP | Chest pain
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| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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| DVT | Deep vein thrombosis
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| ECC | extracorporeal circulation
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| mmHg | millimeters of mercury
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| What else if the dermis known as? | Corium
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| anhidrosis | no sweat
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| hyperhidrosis | excessive sweat
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| hirsutism | excessive hair growth
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| petechiae | spots from minute hemorrhages under skin
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| purpura | skin hemorrhage due to fragile blood vessels
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| cyst | fluid filled sac under skin
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| laceration | torn or jagged wound
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| macule | birthmark freckle
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| abscess | collection of pus in skin
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| papule | small, solid raised spot smaller than 0.5 cm
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| pustule | raised spot on skin containing pus
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| impetigo | highly infectious bacterial infection with pustules that rupture and crust over
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| Kaposi's sarcoma | skin cancer seen in AIDS patients; brownish purple lesions
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| culture and sensitivity (C&S) | grows bacteria removed from infected area to identify infecting bacteria
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| allograft | skin graft from one person to another
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| heterograft | skin graft from an animal of another species
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| debridement | removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from wound
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| incision and drainage (I&S) | making an incision to drain material such as pus
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| What do bones do? | protect vital organs and store minerals
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| What are the four shapes of bones? | Long bones, Short bones, Flat bones, Irregular bones
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| What is the majority type of bone in the body? | Long bones
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| What is the long shaft of a long bone? | Diaphysis
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| What is the open canal of the diaphysis called? | Medullary cavity
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| what does the medullary contain? | yellow bone marrow
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| What is another name for cancellous bone? | Spongy bone
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| What is another name for compact bone? | cortical bone
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| what is cortical bone? | the outer layer of bones
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