Respiratory
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| Respiratory system divisions | Conducting portion
respiratory portion
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| Conducting Portion | "Respiratory Epithelium"
same as ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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| Components of Respiratory Epithelium (5) | Ciliated columnar cells
mucous goblet cells
basal cells
small granule (k) cells
Brush Cells
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| Goblet Cells | More in conducting portion and disappear the farther you go down into the respiratory portion. Good to use as landmark
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| Loose connective tissue in respiratory is now called ____________ | lamina propria
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| Ciliated columnar cells | most numerous cell type in teh respiratory epithelium
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| Cilia movement | beat toward the oral cavity
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| Mucous Goblet cells | secrete mucus that traps particles and soluble gases
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| What moves mucus | cilia move teh mucus along teh epithelium
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| Basal cells | small, round cells that differentiate into other cell types
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| Small granule cell | neuroendocrine cells are more numerous in teh bronchi than in the rest of the respiratory system.
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| Brush cells | have microvilli and are thought to be a type of chemoreceptor
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| mucosa | epithelium, basement membrane plus the underlying lamina propria
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| Critical clinical difference between stratified squamous epithelium and respiratory epithelium | stratified squamous epithelium does not have cilia, thus it is more vulnerable to colonizaiont and infection than respiratory epithelium
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| Olfactory epithelium | located in roof of nasal cavity on sides of the nasal septum on the superior nasal conchae
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| Vestibule | internal nasal cavity; lined by nonkeratinized strat. squam. epithelium. Lining can change to pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium posteriorly. Contains vibrissae (short hairs) to filter out large particles.
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| Three types of cells in olfactory epithelium | Sustentacular cells
Basal Cells
Olfactory Cells
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| Sustentacular cells are _____________ | supporting cells
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| Basal cells give rise to _____________ | other cell types
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| Olfactory cells are ___________ sensory neurons | bipolar
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| Cilia at base of olfactory cells act as | receptors for chemical stimuli
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| Laimina propria under teh olfactory epithelium contain: | blood vessels
nerves
bowman's glands (mostly serous)
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| paranasal sinuses | lined with a thin respiratory epithelium
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| secretions from paranasal sinuses are moved ___________ | into the nasal cavity by cilia
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| nasopharynx | lined with respiratory epithelium
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| oropharynx | lined with stratified squamous nonkeratiizezed epithelium (it is part of the digestive system as well)
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| Larynx | responsible for voice production; epithelium is mainly a respiratory epithelium.
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| Lamina propria of Larynx | contains mixed muco-serous glands and the laryngeal cartilages
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| Cartilage in the larynx | both hyaline and elastic cartilages
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| Bowman's glands | produces watery secretion that washes the olfactory cilia to prepare for new smells. Also disolves in secretions dectected by the olfactory cilia for smell
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| Epiglottis | 1. stratifed squamous nonkeratinized epithelium on the lingual surfaces
2. Respiratory epithelium on the lower laryngeal surface
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| Vestibular folds | false cords
lie superior to vocal cords
loose connective tissue containing glands, lymphoid aggregations, & fat cells. Covered by respiratory epithelium.
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| Vocal cords | true vocal cords
skeletal muscle, vocal ligament (elastic fibers) and a covering of stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
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| Laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx. edema of the mucous membrane over the vocal cords cause voice impairment
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| Primary Bronchi | arise from subdivisions of teh trachea
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| Primary bronchi give rise to | secondary and tertiary bronchi
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| Bronchi | lining is still a respiratory epithelium
As hyaline cartilage decreases, smooth muscle increases.
Look for ratio...not a huge amount of smooth muscle
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| Bronchiole | Diameter of 5mm or less
LOSE hyaline cartilage
simploe ciliated columnar or cuboidal
Surrounded by lung tissue
Lacks glands in submucosa
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| Terminal Bronchioles | Simple cuboidal epithelium
Clara Cells
No goblet cells
smooth muscle and some elastic fibers
Walls of terminal bronchioles are continuous
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| Cara Cells | secrete glycosaminoglycans as surfactant
metabolize airborn toxins
divide
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| Respiratory Bronchiole | transition to respiratory potrtion of lung
Simple cuboidal lining
bronchiole walls are interrupted by alveoli
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| alveoli | pouch-like evaginations
simple squamous epithelium
site of 02 and CO2 exchange
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| Alveoli found: | respiratory bronchiole walls
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
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| Alveoli are separated by ______________ | inter alveolar septa that may contain 1 ore more alveolar pores
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| Type I pneumocytes | cover 95% of alveolar
Form tight junctions with adjacent cells
Not able to divide
Simple squamous with a different name
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| Type II Cell (pneumocyte) | cuboidal cells that produce surfactant
can differentiate into type I cells
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| Cells of alveolar wall | Type I cell
Type II cell
Endothelial cells
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| Respiratory membrane | 1) alveolar epithelium
2) Capillary endothelium
3) intervening basement membrane
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| Lung Macrophages | dust cells
phagocytic
clean up debris, bacteria, etc
Septal connective tissue but mostly in airways
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Created by:
tjamrose