test
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| upper respiratory system | nose, pharynx
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| lower respiratory system | layrnx, trachea, broncho, lungs
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| External nares | nostrils
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| Internal nares | internal openings that connect to the throat
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| Nasal cavity | above the mouth inside of internal nose
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| Nasal septum | divide the nasal cavity into left and right
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| Pharynx | throat
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| Nasopharynx | upper portion, pharyngeal tonsils, Eustachian tubes
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| Oropharynx | middle portion, palatine, lingual tonsils
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| Laryngopharynx | lower, connect to the esophagus and trachea
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| Larynx | voice boc c4-6
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| Thyroid cartilage | made upof hyaline cartilage, makes up the anterior wall/layrnx
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| Epiglottis | elastic flap, cover the trachea
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| Cricoid cartilage | hyaline cartilage, attached to the 1st ring of trachea
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| Arytenoids cartilage | sit above the cricoid, attatched to the vocal choards, also have a muscle, pharyngeal muscle, voice production
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| True vocal chords | elastic ligaments, vibrate to produce sound waves, increase pressure increases the volume of the sound
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| Parietal pleura | line the cavity where the lungs are
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| Visceral pleura | cover the lungs themselves
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| Pleura cavity | space in between visceral and parietal pleura
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| Apex | top
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| Hilus | where the bronchi enter the lungs
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| Fissures | separate the lobes
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| Lobes | region of the lungs r-3 l-2
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| Alveolar sacs | is the air sac surrounded by respiratory membrane for gas exchange
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| Surfactant | a lubricant to prevent the lungs from adhering to themselves, devlops at 36 weeks
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| Quiet inspiration muscles | diaphragm, external intercostals
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| Forced inspiration muscles | SCM (sternocleidomastoid), scalenes, pectoralis minor
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| Quiet expiration muscles | passive by elastic recoil
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| Forced expiration muscles | internal intercostals, external obliques, internal obliques, transverse abdominus, rectus abdominus
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| Tidal volume | volume of 1 breath, 600mL
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| Inspiratory reserve volume | additional air inhaled after normal inhalation
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| Expiratory reserve volume | forced exhale volume
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| Residual volume | volume left over after forces exhalation
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| Total lung capacity | total volume can hold, about 6L
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| Gas exchange | follows gas laws
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| Partial pressure | P(total)= P1+P2+P3
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| Boyles law | P = 1/volume
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| Carbon dioxide | increases in thes gas cause oxygen to be releases from Hb more rapidly
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| Acidity | decrease in pH causes oxygen to be released more readily
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| Temerature | increases in temperature causes oxygen to be released more rapidly
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| Carbon monoxide | binds to Hb 200x more strongly than oxygen
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| Carbon dioxide transport | Hb + carbon dioxide <- -> Hb carbon dioxide
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| Dissolved carbon dioxide | traveks in plasma to lungs and is exhaled
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| Amino acids | can travel on amino acids other than Hb
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| Bicaronate | can travel as bicarbonate ion to lungs
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| Pain | visceral pain decreases rate, sudden/severe pain leads to brief apnea, prolonged somatic pain increases rate
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| Inflation reflex | stretch receptors overstrecth -> inhibit inflammation
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| Renal capsule | covers the outside of the kidney, fibrous, tough
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| Renal cortex | outer portion of the kidney
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| Renal medulla | inner portion of the kidney
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| Renal pyramids | pyramid shaped structure in kidney contains nephrons
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| Renal columns | space between the renal pyramids
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| Renal pelvis | center area of the kidney where nephrons drain
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| Major calyces | drain the minor calyces
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| Minor calyces | drain the renal pyramids and collecting ducts
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| Glomerulus | filters the blood going into the nephron, initial filtering makes glomerular filtrate
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| Peritubular capillaries | surround the loop of Henle in the nephron for the tubular reabsorption
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| Nephrons | main functional unit of the kidney
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| renal corpuscle | the glomerulus and capsule around it
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| Renal tubule | carries the glomerular filtrate after it leaves the glomerulus tube changes names along the way
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| Glomerular filtrate | the filtered plasma after it has passed through the glomerulus
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| Bowman's capsule | structure around the glomerulus
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| Proximal convoluted tubule | the closest region to the glomerulus where the renal tube begins to take a cuvy route
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| Loop of Henle | portion of the renal tubule that extends down into the renal pyramid, is surrounded by the peritubular capillaries
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| Distal convoluted tubule | the portion of the renal tubule furthest from the glomerulues takes a curvy route
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| Collecting duct | drains the filtered fluid from the distal convoluted tubule which is now urine, and carries it down to the calyces in renal pelvis
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| Urine | fluid formed after passing through nephron, pale straw colored
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| Ureters | drain kidney into urinary bladder
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| Urinary bladder | store urine for more convenient time to excrete it when lying supine full bladder presses on urethra to prevent back flow
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| External urethral orifice | opening from the urethra to ext. body
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| Internal urethral orifice | opening from the bladder to urethra
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| Internal urethral sphincter | involuntary control
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| External urethral sphincter | voluntary control
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| Micturition | process of urination
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| .... |
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Created by:
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