Diseases and Disorders of the sensory organs/abbrev/terminology/procedures/equip
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| ABR | Auditory brainstem response
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| Acc | Accomodation
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| AD | Right ear
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| AMD | Age-related macular degeneration
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| AS | Left ear (auris sinister)
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| AST | Astigmatism
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| AU | Both ears (aures unitas) or each ear
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| D | Diopter(lens strength)
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| db | Decibel (measurement of sound)
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| EOM | Extraocular movement
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| HM | Hand movement
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| IOFB | Intraocular foreign body
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| IOP | Intraocular pressure
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| L&D | Light and dark percieved
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| LASIK | Laser in situ keratomileusia
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| LCS | Left convergent squint (eye turned inwards)
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| LDS | Left divergent squint (eye turned outwards)
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| OD | Oculus dexter (right eye)
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| OS | oculus sinister (left eye)
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| OU | oculus uterque(each eye)
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| PERLA (PERRLA) | Pupils equal (round) react to light and accomodation
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| PDT | photodynamic therapy
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| PND | post-nasal drip (catarrh dripping down the back of the throat from the nasal passages and sinuses)
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| PRK | photo-refractive keratotomy
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| RCS | Right convergent squint (eye turns outwards)
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| RDS | Right divergent squint (eye turns inwards)
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| REM | Rapid eye movement
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| SC | Without correction (spectacles)
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| Ts & As | Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
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| T+ | Increased intraocular pressure
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| T- | Decreased intraocular pressure
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| VA | Visual acuity (clarity or accuracy of vision)
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| VF | Visual field
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| FUNDUS OF EYE | The whole area at the back of the eye opposite the pupil
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| MACULA (FOVEA) | Area on the retina with the greatest number of receptors for sight (central vision)
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| OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN | Person qualified to examine eyes, and prescribe and dispense spectacles
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| OPHTHALMOLOGIST | Specialist in the diseases of the eye
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| OPHTHALMOLOGY | Scientific study of the eye
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| OPTICIAN | Person who makes and fits spectacles
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| OPTOMETRIST | Person who measures/tests eyes and fits spectacles
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| ORTHOPTIST | Person who treats squints
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| OTOLOGIST | Medical specialist in treating ear disease
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| OTOLOGY | Study of ear disease
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| OTORHINO-LARYNGOLOGIST | Medical specialist in ear, nose and throat disease
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| OTORHINO-LARYNGOLOGY | Study of the ear, nose and throat
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| REFRACTION | Bending of light rays to measure the focusing of the eye mechanisms
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| 6/6 VISION | The normal ability to be able to read line six of the Snellen chart at six metres
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| AMBLYOPIA | Dimness of vision
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| APHAKIA | Condition where there is no lens present, e.g. after removal of cateract
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| ASTIGMATISM | Eye defect usually of shape of cornea which is irregular in curvature, causing blurring of vision
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| AURAL POLYP | Pedunculated (stalk-like)tumour in the ear- not malignant
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| BLEPHARITIS | Inflammation of the eyelids
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| CATARACT | Aopacity of the lens ir its capsule causing blurring of sight
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| CAULIFLOWER EAR | Enlargement/deformity of the external ear due to haematoma formation after injury
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| CHOROIDITIS | Iflammation of the choroid layer of the eyeball
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| CONDUCTION DEAFNESS | Loss of hearing due to the failure of the vibrations caused by sound waves to be conducted to specialised nerve cells of the inner ear
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| CONJUNCTIVITIS | Inflammation of the conjunctiva membrane covering the eyeball and lining eyelids
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| CORNEAL ULCER | Open sore on cornea
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| DACRYOCYSTECTOMY | Surgical removal of a tear sac
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| DACRYOCYSTITIS | Inflammation of tear sacs
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| DACRYOLITH | Stone in the tear duct
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| DACRYOSTENOSIS | Narrowing of tear duct
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| DENDRITIC ULCER | Corneal ulcer that has tree-like branches in shape (caused by herpes simplex virus-cold sore)
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| ECTROPION | Eversion of eyelid(outward)
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| ENTROPIAN | Inversion of the eyelid (inward)
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| GLAUCOMA | A condition where intraocular pressure is raised- causing damage to the retina-leading to blindness if not controlled
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| GLUE EAR/SEROUS OTITIS MEDIA | Presence of catarrh(fluid/pus) in middle ear
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| HEMIANOPIA | Partial blindness-ability to see only half the visual field
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| HORDEOLUM | STYE-infection of the eyelash follicle
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| HYPERMETROPIA | Long-sightedness
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| INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE | Pressure within the eyeball
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| IRIDOCYCLITIS | Inflammmation of the iris and ciliary body (from where the lens is suspended)
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| IRITIS | Inflammation of the muscular iris of the eye
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| KERATITIS | Inflammation of the cornea
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| LABYRINTHITIS | Inflammation of the inner ear
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| MACULAR DEGENERATION | A degerneration of vision die to changes to the macular area of the eye-responsible for maximum vision-at present little effective treatment
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| MASTOIDITIS | Inflammation of the mastoid antrum(cavity containing porous sieve-like bone) of the temporal bone of the skull
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| MEIBOMIAN CYST | Blockage of ducts of specialised sebaceous glands of the eyelid known as meibomian glands
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| MENIERES DISEASE | A syndrome causing vertigo (dizziness), tinnitus and deafness
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| MYOPIA | Short-sightedness
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| NERVE DEAFNESS | loss of hearing due to damage or disease of the nerve fibres
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| OPTIC NERVE | Area at the back of eyeball-no rods or cones-optic nerve enters eyeball-examined with ophthalmoscope to detect swelling or abnormality to blood vessels or nervous system
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| OTAIGIA | Earache
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| OTITIS EXTERNA | Inflammation of the external ear
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| OTITIS MEDIA | Inflammation of the middle ear
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| OTORRHOEA | Discharge from the ear
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| OTOSCLEROSIS | Progressive hardening of the membranous bony labyrinth (lining of inner ear);hereditary in females-otoliths in middle ear also become fixed so cannot vibrate
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| PAPILLOEDEMA | Oedema (free fluid present)of the optic nerve
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| PRESBYOPIA | Old sight.Long sightedness due to failure of the lens capsule to accomodate, e.e. change shape of lens in order to focus close up objects -lens capsule becomes less elastic with ageing process
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| PROPTOSIS | Eyeballs protude outwards/forwards
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| PTOSIS | Drooping of the eyelid
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| RETINAL DETACHMENT | Detachment of the retinal layer of eyeball from the choroid
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| RETINITIS | Inflammation of the retina (nerve layer of the eyeball)
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| RETINOPATHY | Disease of the retina
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| RODENT ULCER | Slow growing malignant tumour of the top layer of skin causing destruction of tissue
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| SCIERITIS | Inflammation of the sclera(tough outer coat of the eyeball)
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| SCOTOMA | Normal and abnormal 'blind spots' in the visual fields
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| STRABISMUS | Squint, i.e. failure of eyes to work evenly together
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| UVEITIS | Inflammation of the uveal tract (iris, choroid and ciliary body)
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| AUDIOGRAM | The recorded measurement of hearing
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| AUDIOMETER | Instrument used to measure hearing
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| AUDIOMETRY | Measurement of hearing
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| AURISCOPE (OTOSCOPE) | Lighted instrument used to examine ear canal and eardrum
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| CORNEAL GRAFT | Grafting a donor cornea into place
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| CRYOSURGERY | Cooling or freezing the area which is being operated upon
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| DECIBELS | A unit of hearing (measurement of sound)
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| EAR SYRINGING | Removal of excessive wax by shringing external auditory canal with warm water
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| ENUCLEATION | Removal of an organ from its place, e.g. eyeball from socket
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| GROMMETS | Special valves fitted into eardrum to release pressure in middle ear and drain fluid
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| IRIDECTOMY | Surgical removal of portion of iris, forming an artificial 'hole'
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| LASER IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIA (LASIK) | A procedure in which the cornea is moulded surgically to correct short sight
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| LASER SURGERY | Surgery usin a laser beam instead of a scalpel or stitching
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| MIOTICS | Drops for constricting the pupil of the eye
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| MYDRIATICS | Drops used to dilate the pupil of the eye
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| MYRINGOTOMY | Cutting into the eardrum
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| OPHTHALMOSCOPE | A lighted instrument used to examine the interior of the eyeball
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| OTOSCOPE | Instrument for examining the ear
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| OTOSCOPY | Examination of the ear with a lighted instrument
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| PARACENTESIS TYMPANI | Drawing off fluid within the middle ear
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| PERIMETRY | Plotting of the visual fields
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| PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (PDT) | Light sensitive substance injected via bloodstream-reaches the eye-light is directed into eye-which activates chemical causing it to stick to leaking blood vessels.Prevents formation of scar tissue on retina
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| PHOTO-REFRACTIVE KERATOTOMY(PRK) | An older method of correcting short sight by surgery
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| RADICAL MASTOIDECTOMY | Removal of large area of mastoid bone to prevent further infection and drain area of pus before advent of antibiotics - a complication of otitis media
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| REMOVAL OF CATERACT | Operation to remove the opaque lens
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| RHINNE'S TEST | Test for deafness using a tuned fork placed on auditory opening of the ear.In normal hearing it will not be heard when placed on mastoid area, but in conditions of middle ear deafness a tone will be heard by patient
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| SLIT LAMP | Special machine used to examine the eyes
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| SNELLEN CHART | Chart used to test visual acuity i.e. sight
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| STAPEFDECTOMY | Sugical removal of the stapes (stirrup bone)in the middle ear
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| TARSOPLASTY | Reshaping of the eyelid
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| TONOMETER | An instrument used for measuring intra-ocular pressure (within eyeball)
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| TREPHINE | Instrument used for cutting away circle of tissue
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| TYMPANOPLASY | Reshaping the eardrum
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| VISUAL ACUITY | The acuteness of sight
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| VISUAL FIELDS | Measurment or plotting of the area of vision to establish any damage
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| WEBER'S TEST | Test for comparison of the bone conduction of hearing in both ears. A tuning fork placed on vertex of skull. Patient indicates in which ear he hears the loudest. In conditions of middle ear deafness it's louder in affected ear
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