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| Answer |
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| When assessing Knee pain what are the six structures that could be involved? |
1. Collateral Ligaments 2. Anteromedial capsule 3. Anterolateral capsule 4. ACL 5. PCL 6. Meniscus |
| Collateral Ligament, Anteriomedial capsule, Anteriolateral pain would describe what? |
Pain directly at the area of trauma |
| ACL pain usually feels like what? |
Pain beneath the kneecap or inside the knee |
| PCL pain can be reported as what kind of pain? |
Mimics a gastroc strain |
| Location of vascular meniscal pain would be where? |
Joint line pain |
| Symptoms of avascular meniscal pain would be what? |
Popping, clicking or locking |
| What are the eight tensile forces that can be place on the knee when talking about MOI? |
1. Valgus 2. Varus 3. Anterior Tibial displacment 4. Posterior Tibial displacment 5. Internal tibial rot. 6. external tibial rot. 7. hyperextension 8. hyperflexion |
| Valgus stress on the knee can affect what 4 structures of the knee? |
1. MCL 2. Medial Joint Capsule 3. Pes Anserine muscle group 4. Medial meniscus |
| Varus stress on the knee can affect what 4 structures of the knee? |
1. LCL 2. Lateral joint capsule 3. IT band 4. Biceps femoris |
| Anterior tibial displacment force can affect what 5 structures of the knee? |
1. ACL 2. IT band 3. LCL 4. MCL 5 Medial/Lateral joint capsules |
| Posterior tibial displacment force can affect what 3 structures of the knee? |
1. PCL 2. Popliteus 3. Medial/Lateral joint capsule |
| Internal tibial rotation force can affect what 5 structures of the knee? |
1. ACL 2. anteriolateral joint capsule 3. posteromedial joint cap 4. posterolateral joint cap 5. lcl |
| External tibail rotation force can affect what five structures of the knee? |
1. posterlateral joint cap 2. mcl 3. pcl 4. lcl 5. acl |
| Hyperextension forces can affect what 3 structures of the knee? |
1. ACL 2. Posterior joint cap 3. pcl |
| Hyperflexion forces can affect what 2 structures of the knee? |
ACL, PCL |
| When assessing Knee pain what are the six structures that could be involved? |
1. Collateral Ligaments 2. Anteromedial capsule 3. Anterolateral capsule 4. ACL 5. PCL 6. Meniscus |
| Collateral Ligament, Anteriomedial capsule, Anteriolateral pain would describe what? |
Pain directly at the area of trauma |
| ACL pain usually feels like what? |
Pain beneath the kneecap or inside the knee |
| PCL pain can be reported as what kind of pain? |
Mimics a gastroc strain |
| Location of vascular meniscal pain would be where? |
Joint line pain |
| Symptoms of avascular meniscal pain would be what? |
Popping, clicking or locking |
| What are the eight tensile forces that can be place on the knee when talking about MOI? |
1. Valgus 2. Varus 3. Anterior Tibial displacment 4. Posterior Tibial displacment 5. Internal tibial rot. 6. external tibial rot. 7. hyperextension 8. hyperflexion |
| Valgus stress on the knee can affect what 4 structures of the knee? |
1. MCL 2. Medial Joint Capsule 3. Pes Anserine muscle group 4. Medial meniscus |
| Varus stress on the knee can affect what 4 structures of the knee? |
1. LCL 2. Lateral joint capsule 3. IT band 4. Biceps femoris |
| Anterior tibial displacment force can affect what 5 structures of the knee? |
1. ACL 2. IT band 3. LCL 4. MCL 5 Medial/Lateral joint capsules |
| Posterior tibial displacment force can affect what 3 structures of the knee? |
1. PCL 2. Popliteus 3. Medial/Lateral joint capsule |
| Internal tibial rotation force can affect what 5 structures of the knee? |
1. ACL 2. anteriolateral joint capsule 3. posteromedial joint cap 4. posterolateral joint cap 5. lcl |
| External tibail rotation force can affect what five structures of the knee? |
1. posterlateral joint cap 2. mcl 3. pcl 4. lcl 5. acl |
| Hyperextension forces can affect what 3 structures of the knee? |
1. ACL 2. Posterior joint cap 3. pcl |
| Hyperflexion forces can affect what 2 structures of the knee? |
ACL, PCL |
| Valgus stress compressive forces affect what tissue in the knee? |
lateral meniscus |
| Varus stress compressive forces affect what tissue in the knee? |
medial meniscus |
| Anterior tibial displacment compressive forces affect what tissue in the knee? |
posterior portion of med/lat meniscus |
| Posterior tibial displacment compressive forces affect what tissue in the knee? |
anterior portion of med/lat meniscus |
| Internal tibial rotation compressive forces affect what tissue in the knee? |
anterior horn of medial meniscus/ posterior horn of the lateral meniscus |
| External tibial rotation compressive forces affect what tissue in the knee? |
anterior horn of the lat. meniscus/ posterior horn of medial meniscus |
| Hyperextension compressive forces affect what tissue in the knee? |
anterior portion of medial /lat meniscus |
| Hyperflexion compressive forces affect what tissue in the knee? |
posterior portion of medial/ lat meniscus |
| When gathering history on the knee what are the four main things you want to take note of? |
WB status, sounds or sensations, onset of injury, previous injury |
| When doing girth measurments where should it start? |
Joint line and superiorally in 2-3 inch increments. |
| During girth measurment at the joint line what should be noticed? |
presenc of swelling |
| When moving up the knee during girth measurments what should be noticed? |
presence of muscle atrophy |
| Girth measurments should always be what? |
compared bilaterally |
| What are the five things that should be taken note of when doing your inspection on the anterior structures? |
1. Alignment of the patella 2. Patellar Tendon 3. Quad muscle group 4. Alignment of Femur on the Tibia 5. Tibial tuburosity |
| What should be looked at when inspecting the alignment of the patella? |
Resting normally above femoral trochlea/ Evenly alligned with med/lat asepects of knee |
| What should be looked at when inspecting the Patellar tendon? |
swelling over tendon due to tendonitis or bursitis/swelling on both sides of tendon due to inflamed fat pad |
| What should be looked at when inspecting the quad muscle group? |
mass and tone/ discoloration/ swelling/ loss of continuity |
| What should be looked at when inspecting the aligment of the femur on the tibia? |
angle of articulation ie: genu valgum, genu varum |
| What should be looked at when inspecting the tibial tuberosity? |
Osgood-Schlatter disease |
| What are the two things that should be taken note of when doing your inspection of the medial structures? |
Medial aspect/ Oblique fibers of vastus medialis |
| What should be looked at when inspecting the medial aspect? |
swelling/ discoloration of joint line, tibia, femur, or pes anserine tendon |
| What should be looked at when inspecting the oblique fibers of the vastus medialis? |
Tone and girth compared bilaterally ( first to go due to injury) |
| What are the four things that should be taken note of when doing your inspection of the lateral structures? |
lateral aspect, fibular head, posterior sag of the tibia, hyperextension |
| What should be looked at when inspecting the lateral aspect? |
swelling, discoloration to tibial joint line and femur |
| What should be looked at when inspecting the fibular head? |
equal height bilaterally, Bicep femoris tendon and LCL in knee flexion |
| What should be looked at when inspecting the Posterior sag of the tibia? |
90-90 observing position of the tibial tuburostiy bilaterally (PCL) |
| What should be looked at when inspecting the amount of hyperextension of the knee joint? |
Genu recurvatum |
| What are the two things that should be taken note of when doing your inspection of the posterior structures? |
Hamstring muscle group, popliteal fossa |
| What should be look at when inspecting the hamstring muscle group? |
Contusions(blow), Signs of ecchymosis(strain) |
| What are we looking for when inspecting the popliteal fossa? |
Swelling or discoloration(capsular trauma or tears of ham tendons or gastrocs) |
| During palpation what six structures need to be palpated in regards to the anterior surface of the knee? |
1. patella 2. patellar tendon 3. tib tuburosity 4. quad tendon 5. quad muscles 6. sartorius |
| During palpation what seven structures need to be palpated in regards to the medial surface of the knee? |
1. medial meniscus/joint line 2. mcl 3. medial femoral condyle 4. medial tibial plateau 5. pes anserine tendon/ bursa 6. semitendinosus tendon 7. gracilis |
| During palpation what six structures need to be palpated in regards to the lateral surface of the knee? |
1. joint line 2. fib head 3. lcl 4. popliteus 5. bicep femoris 6. it band |
| During palpation what three structures need to be palpated in regards to the posterior surface of the knee? |
1. popliteal fossa 2. hamstring muscle group 3. head of gastroc |
| What test is used to determine intracapsular swelling ? |
sweep test |
| Positive sweep tests implies what ? |
Possible acl trauma, osteochndral fx, synovitis, meniscal lesion, patellar dislocation |
| Normal ROM degree's for knee extension and flexion? |
extension: 0' flexion: 135' to 145' |
| ROM for recurvatum? |
-10' |
| What to look for when looking at ROM for internal and external rotation? |
observe rotation of tibial tuburosity bilaterally when doing ER and IR in active knee flexion and extension. |
| What ligamentous tests would you perform to rule out ACL instability? |
Anterior drawer, Lachmans, Modified Lachmans |
| What ligamentous tests would you perform to rule out PCL instability? |
Posterior drawer, Godfreys test (90'-90') |
| What ligamentous tests would you perform to rule out MCL instability? |
Valgus stress test |
| What ligamentous tests would you perform to rule out LCL instability? |
Varus stress test |
| What special tests would you do for possible meniscal injury? |
McMurray's, Apleys comp and distraction |
| When dealing with suspected Rotary Knee Instability injuries what five special tests would you do? |
1. slocum drawer 2. crossover test 3. lateral pivot shift 4. slocum ALRI 5. FRD test |
| What special tests help you determine ITB Friction syndrome pathologies? |
Nobles compression, Obers test |
| MOI MCL sprain |
Valgus force/ external rot of tibia |
| MOI LCL sprain |
Varus force/ excess internal rot of tibia |
| MOI ACL sprain |
Rot. with knee planted/ Blow to tibia causing tibial translation/ blow to femur driving femur posteriorly/ hyperextension |
| MOI PCL sprain |
Posterior translation of the tibia(esp foot plantarflexed)/ hyperextension/ hyperflexion |
| MOI Posterolateral rotatory instibility |
direct blow to the posterolateral aspect of knee/ rotational force |
| MOI meniscal tear |
tibial rotation with flexion and varus or valgus stress |
| MOI IT Band Syndrome |
repeated knee flexion and extension |
| MOI popliteus tendinitis |
overuse |
Cardio Block2anatomy
