WVSOM -- Hemodynamic principles
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| Arteries -- large to small | Aorta > Muscular Conduit Artery > Arteriole > Capillary
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| Veins -- to large | venule < vein < vena cava
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| Systolic | contraction
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| diastolic | rest
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| mean pressure | diastolic + 1/3(systolic-diastolic)
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| Compliance | ability to stretch and distend with pressure
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| Transmural pressure | difference between the pressure inside teh vessel and the pressure outside the vessel. net pressure is pushing against the wall
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| capacitance | volume contained for a specific pressure
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| Blood flow to organs altered by controlling vascular smooth muscle tone by | local and systemic
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| Systemic ways to control smooth muscle tone | SNS and Hormones
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| Local ways to control vascular smooth muscle tone | metabolic factors and paracrine agents
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| Blood volume is distributed roughly in accordance with ___________. | Metabolic rate
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| How does gravity affect blood pressure | Blood pressure increases the farther it moves away from the heart
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| Majority of blood is held in the | systemic veins
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| Pressure | force per unit area
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| flow | volume transferred per unit time
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| resistance | opposition to flow
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| Relationship of blood flow to the driving pressure and vascular resistance | blood flow is proportional to the pressure difference and inversely proportional to resistance
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| Cardiac Output | Q = (p1-p2)/r
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| Resistance in Series | R1+ R2 + R3 = Rtotal
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| Resistance in Parallel | 1/R + 1/R + 1/R = 1/Rtotal
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| Main site of resistance in the systemic circulation | Arterioles
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| Bernoulli Principle | increase in velocity occurs simutaneoulsy with the decrease in pressure
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| Hematocrit's effect on viscocity | increases it
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| Laminar blood flow | smooth parallel streamlines that slip past each other
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| Shear stress | caused by velocity thru the vessel Generated by the axial streaming of blood cells pushing and shearing them orienting them in one direction
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| Shear stress effect on vascular wall | can activate endothelial factors (NO). Lots of stress can cause damage on the vessel wall and cause an aneurysm
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| Reynolds Number | > 2300 causes turbulence
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| Turbulence | promoted by high velocity, vessel diameter and blood viscosity
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| Vessel with greatest compliance | Veins
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| why is mean pressure close to diastolic pressure? | heart spends longer relaxed than it does in contraction
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| Right side of heart pumps to | Lungs
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| Left side of heart pumps to | systemic circulation
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| 2 organs that receive more blood flow than is required to satisfy metabolic demands | skin and kidneys
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| Blood Flow is directly proportional to | pressure gradient
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| Blow flow is inversely proportional to | vascular resistance
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| Why are capallaries low in overall resistance | they are numerous and arranged in parallel
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| Bernoulli Principle and PE to KE | blood potential energy to kinetic energy occurs when cross-sectional area decreases.
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| Highest blood velocity in laminar blood flow | center of the vessel
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