Keywords associated with coastal environment
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| Coast | Region where the land meets the sea/ocean.
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| Dynamic coastal environment | A coast that is subjected to rapid and extreme changes e.g. sandy beaches.
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| Waves | They are caused by the transfer of energy from the wind blowing over the surface of the sea.
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| Tide | Is the daily rise and fall of the sea level. It is caused by the attraction of the moon and the sun.
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| Currents | The flow of a liquid (e.g. water) or a gas (e.g. water vapours).
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| Geology | The study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change.
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| Ecosystem | A collection of organisms and the natural surroundings they interact with.
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| Fetch | The maximum distance of water over which winds can blow and form waves.
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| Wave refraction | Is the change in wave direction. The depth of water present at a coast is different depending on the features present. As wave approaches a coast its progress is modified due to friction from the seabed, halting the motion of waves.
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| Swash | Water movement up a beach.
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| Backwash | Water movement down a beach.
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| Abrasion /Corrasion | Particles carried by the waves crash against the cliffs, eroding the cliffs.
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| Hydraulic action | When a wave breaks against a cliff, it causes air which is trapped within cracks, to be compressed suddenly. When the water retreats the air is allowed to expand, often explosively. This process is known as hydraulic action.
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| Attrition | Rock particles carried by the waves crash against each other and are broken up into smaller particles.
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| Solution | A chemical weathering process in which a material is dissolved.
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| Longshore drift | It is the lateral movement of sand and shingle along beaches.
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| Destructive waves | Are high energy waves,created from big, strong waves. Have short wave length and are high and steep. They can travel over a long fetch due to powerful wind blowing over their water surface for a long time. Their backwash is stronger than their swash.
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| Headland | It is an area of land that juts out into the sea. It is made up of harder rocks that are more resistant to the erosive powers of the sea.
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| Cliff | A large area of rock or a mountain with a very steep side, often at the edge of the sea or a river.
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| Cave | A large natural hole in the side of a cliff or hill, or under the ground.
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| Arch | Due to prolong erosion, caves on either side of a headland are developed which later joined together to form a natural arch.
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| Stacks | They are tall columns of rocks. They are formed when a natural arch collapsed leaving upright sections of isolated rocks behind.
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| Shore platform | A rock shelf fringing the coastline between the low and high water marks.
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| Bay | A part of the sea that is partly enclosed by a curve in the land.
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| Spit | Long ridges of sand and shingle attached to land at one end.
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| Tombolo | A spit linking an island to the mainland.
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| Beach | A gently sloping deposit of sand, pebbles or mud, deposited along the coast.
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