Cell Bio/Histo/Path -1
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| Three cell types with regard to cell cycle | Permanent, Stable, Labile
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| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum rich cells | -Mucus-secreting goblet cells of small intestine -Antibody-secreting plasma cells (ie lost of secretory protein)
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| Cell cycle: Permanent cells | Remain in G0. If they regenerate, they regenerate from stem cells.
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| Cell cycle: Stable cells | Enter G1 from G0 when stimulated
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| Cell cycle: Labile cells | Never go to G0, divide rapidly with a short G1
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| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: Functions | -Steroid synthesis -Detoxification of drugs and poisons
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| Permanent cells: cell types | -Neurons -Skeletal and cardiac muscle -RBCs (regenerate from stem cells)
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| Stable cells: cell types | -Hepatocytes -Lymphocytes
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| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum rich cells | -Liver hepatocytes -Steroid hormone-producing cells of the adrenal cortex
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| Labile cells: cell types | -Bone marrow -Gut epithelium -Skin -Hair follicles (think about chemotherapy side effects)
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| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Functions | -Synthesis of secretory (exported) proteins -N-linked oligosaccharide addition to many proteins
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| Neurons: name of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and its function | Nissl bodies sytnhesize enzymes (eg ChAT) and peptide neurotransmitters.
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| 6 functions of Golgi apparatus | 1. Distribution center --Input: Proteins and lipids from endoplasmic reticulum --Output: Plasma membrane, lysosomes, secretory vesicles 2. Modifies N-oligosaccharides on asparagine 3. Adds O-oligosaccharides to serine and threonine residues (o
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| I-cell disease: Presentation | -coarse facial features -clouded corneas -restricted joint movement -high plasma levels of lysosomal enzymes -fatal in childhood
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| COPI: Function | Retrograde Intracellular transport: cis-Golgi to RER
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| COPII: Function | Anterograde Intracellular transport: RER to cis-Golgi
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| Clathrin: Function | Extracellular/lysosomal transport: -lysosome: trans-Golgi to lysosome -trans-Golgi to plasma membrane to endosomes (for receptor mediated endocytosis)
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| Microtubules: Diameter | 24 nm
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| Microtubules: Structure | 13 dimers of alpha/beta tubulin per circumference (each dimer bound to GTP), repeated in helical configuration
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| Microtubules: Found in ? | -Flagella -Cilia -Mitotic spindles -Slow neuronal axoplasmic transport
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| Microtubules: Speed of growth and collapse | Grows slowly and collapses quickly
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| Microtubules: Affected by which drugs? | -Mebendazole/thiabendazole (antihelminthic) -Taxol (anti-breast cancer) -Griseofulvin (anti-fungal) -Vincristine/Vinblastine (anti-cancer) -Colchicine (anti-gout)
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| Microtubule polymerization defects: Found in what syndrome | Chediak-Higashi syndrome
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| Chediak-Higashi syndrome | Microtubule polymerization defect resulting in decreased phagocytosis
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| Cilia: Structure | -9+2 arrangement of microtubule doublets -The 9 peripheral doublets are linked by dynein atpase
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| Cilia: Mechanism | The 9 peripheral doublets are linked by dynein atpase, which causes bending of cilium by differential sliding of doublets
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| Molecular motors and direction of transport in cell | Dynein: retrograde (DIES back towards nucleus) Kinesin: anterograde (MOVES kinetically forward)
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| Kartagener's syndrome: Defect | Dynein arm defect causing immotile cilia
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| What is phosphatidylcholine also known as? | lecithin
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| Kartagener's syndrome: Presentation | -Male infertility (immotile sperm) -Female infertility (immotile fallopian cilia) -Bronchiectasis and recurrent sinusitis (bacteria and particles not pushed out) -Situs inversus
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| What syndrome is situs inversus associated with? | Kartagener's
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| Plasma membrane: composition | -Cholesterol (~50%) -Phospholipids (~50%) -Sphingolipids -Glycolipids -Proteins
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| What is lecithin also known as? | phosphatidylcholine
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| Plasma membrane: melting temperature association | High cholesterol or long saturated fatty acid content means increased melting temperature
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| Where is phosphatidylcholine found? | Major component of: 1. RBC membranes 2. myelin 3. bile 4. surfactant (DPPC- dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine)
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| Drugs that inhibit the sodium-potassium pump | -Ouabain -Cardiac glycosides (digoxin, digitoxin)
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| Ouabain: Mechanism | Inhibits Na-K atpase by binding to K site.
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| What process uses phosphatidylcholine? | Esterification of cholesterol with LCAT (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase)
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| Cardiac glycosides: Mechanism | Inhibits Na-K atpase, increasing cardiac contractility
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