Musculoskeletal Review
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What are the five regions of the vertebral column? | 7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 fused sacrum
4 fused coccyx
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| What are the four different types of bones? | long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
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| What are the functions of bones? | -provide framework of the body
-protect internal organs
-store calcium/other minerals
-produce blood cells (hematopoiesis)
-provide points of attachment
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| What are the functions of muscle? | -contribute to posture
-provide heat
-protect internal organs
-primarily movement
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| What are the three different types of muscle? | smooth/voluntary/striated muscles
cardiac muscles
skeletal/voluntary/striated muscles
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| What are the three different types of ribs? | 7 true ribs
3 false ribs
2 floating ribs
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| What are the three divisions of the pelvis? | ilium
ischium
pubis
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| What does the appendicular skeleton consist of? | -bone of the upper and lower limbs
-shoulder/pectoral girdle
-pelvic/hip girdle
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| What are the three regions of the axial skeleton? | skull
vertebral column
rib cage
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| What does the pectoral girdle consist of? | clavicle
scapula
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| What is a fontanel? | -unossified membrane lying between the cranial bones of an infant
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| What is an orthopedist? | physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders
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| What is muscular dystrophy? | -genetic disease
-gradual atrophy and weakening of muscle tissue
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| What is myasthenia gravis? | -neurological disorder
-muscle weakness, leads to loss of function
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| What is rheumatoid arthritis? | -systemic disease
-results in crippling deformities
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| A dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface of bone | periosteum
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| A strap composed of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone | tendon
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| Abnormal inward curvature of the spine | lordosis
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| Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine | scoliosis
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| An exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae | kyphosis
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| Any body part attached to a main structure | appendage
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| Any deformity of the foot; also called club foot | talipes equinovarus
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| Band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone | ligament
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| Bone pores or cavities resulting from a decrease in bone density | osteoporosis
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| Breast bone | sternum
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| Decrease the angle of a joint | flexion
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| Dry grating sound caused by bones rubbing together | crepitation
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| Elevates the foot | dorsiflexion
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| Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra | laminectomy
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| Foot treatment | podiatry
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| Freely moveable joints | diarthrosis
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| Immoveable joints | synarthrosis
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| Increase in severity of a disease | exacerbation
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| Increases the angle of a joint | extension
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| lameness, limping | claudication
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| Ligaments that form an X | cruciate ligaments
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| Loss of muscular tone | hypotonia
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| Lowers the foot | plantar flexion
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| Measures bone density | mineral bone density test
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| Moves away from the midline | abduction
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| Moves closer to the midline | adduction
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| Moves the sole of the foot inward | inversion
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| Moves the sole of the foot outward | eversion
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| Muscular trauma caused by a violent contraction or an excessive forcible stretch | strain
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| Partial or incomplete dislocation | subluxation
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| Procedure that restores bone to its normal position | reduction
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| Production and development of blood cells | hematopoiesis
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| Puncture of a joint space | arthrocentesis
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| Radiography of the spinal cord | myelography
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| Reduction procedure which treats fractures using surgery | open reduction
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| Reduction surgery which uses manipulation | closed reduction
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| Refers to all contractile tissue of the body | muscular tissue
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| Slightly moveable joints | amphiarthrosis
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| Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle | torticollis
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| Stiffening and immobility of a joint | ankylosis
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| Tearing of ligament tissue | sprain
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| The lateral flaring portion of the hip bone | ilium
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| The lower part of the hip bone | ischium
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| The muscle that produces the movement | agonist
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| The muscle that relaxes in order to allow a movement | antagonist
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| The place at which two bones meet | articulation (joint)
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| The third portion of the hip bone | pubis
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| Treat and prevent hypocalcemia | calcium supplements
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| Turns the palms down | pronation
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| Turns the palms up | supination
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| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament
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| CDH | congenital dislocation of the hip
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| CT | computed tomography
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| DJD | degenerative joint disease
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| EMG | electromyography
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| Fx | fracture
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| IM | intramuscular
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| IV | intravenous
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| MS | musculoskeletal; multiple sclerosis
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| NSAIDs | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
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| THA | total hip arthroplasty
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| THR | total hip replacement
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Created by:
DawnLangridge
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