Musculoskeletal Reverse Definitions
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| A bone tumor | osteoma
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| A bundle of muscle fibers | fascicle
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| A cell in the bone marrow that produces bone | osteoblast
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| A cell in the bone marrow that reabsorbs bone | osteoclast
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| A dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the bone and contains blood and lymph vessels, and nerves | periosteum
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| A genetic disorder that results in malformation of the spine due to imperfect joining of the vertebrae | spina bifida
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| A muscle of the chest arising from the sternum and inner part of the clavicle | strenocliedomastoid
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| A series of twelve pair of curved bones attached to the vertebral column which provides protection for internal organs | ribs
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| A strap composed of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone | tendon
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| A type of bone process that has a large ridge shape | crest
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| Abnormal inward curvature of the spine | lordosis
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| Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine | scoliosis
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| All other bones that cannot be grouped under other heading | irregular bones
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| An exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae | kyphosis
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| Any body part attached to a main structure | appendage
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| Any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it | spondylolisthesis
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| Band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone | ligament
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| Basin-shaped structure that supports the sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder, and other soft organs of the abdominopelvic cavity | pelvis
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| Bone immobilization by application of an orthopedic device to the injured body part | splinting
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| Bone immobilization by application of a solid stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or similar material | casting
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| Bone immobilization by application of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture | traction
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| Bone pores or cavities resulting from a decrease in bone density | osteoporosis
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| Bones that are as wide as they are long | short bone
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| Breast bone/ chest plate | sternum
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| Cavity or hollow space in a bone | sinus
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| Condition of fingers and toes being joined together | syndactylism
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| Congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called clubfoot | talipes equinovarus
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| Consists of bones of the shoulders, hips, upper and lower extremities | appendicular skeleton
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| Consists of bones, joints, and muscles, which provide the body with support, protection, and the ability to move | musculoskeletal system
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| Consists of the bones of the skull, thorax, and vertebral column | axial skeleton
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| Decrease pain and supress inflammation | (NSAIDs) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
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| Decreases the angle of a joint | flexion
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| Deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe, which may cause the tissue surrounding the joint to become swollen and tender | bunion (halture valgus)
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| Degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and relating tissues | spondylosis
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| Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction | crepitation
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| Effusion of blood into a joint cavity | hemarthrosis
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| Elevates the foot | dorsiflexion
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| Excision of a sequestrum | sequestrectomy
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| Excision of a synovial membrane | synovectomy
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| Excision of bursa | bursectomy
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| Excision of the bones of the hand | metacarpectomy
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| Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra | laminectomy
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| Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint | contracture
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| Fluid-filled tumor that most commonly develops along the tendons or joints of the wrists of hands, but may also appear in the feet | ganglion cyst
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| Foot treatment | podiatry
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| Form or osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis | rickets
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| Found in extremities of the body | long bones
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| Found within larger bones; responsible for the production of blood cells | bone marrow
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| Fragment of the necrosis bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue | sequestrum
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| Freely moveable joints | diarthrosis
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| Fusion/stabilization or binding of a joint | arthrodesis
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| Hard, outer layer of bone | compact bone
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| Hernia of the spinal cord | myelocele
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| Immoveable joints | synarthrosis
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| Implantation or transplantation of bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue | bone grafting
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| Increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms; also called flare | exacerbation
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| Increases the angle of a joint | extension
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| Inflammation of the joints | arthritis
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| Lameness, limping | claudication
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| Large, rounded process | tuberosity
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| Lattice like arrangement of bony plates occurring at the ends of long bones | cancellous
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| Ligaments that cross each other forming an X within the notch between the femoral condyles | cruciate ligaments
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| Loss of muscular tone or diminished resistance to passive stretching | hypotonia
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| Lowers the foot (points the toes) | planter flexion
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| Malignant tumor of plasma cells in the bone marrow | multiple myeloma
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| Measurement of the pelvis | pelvimetry
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| Moves a bone around its own axis | rotation
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| Moves away from the midline | abduction
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| Moves closer to the midline | adduction
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| Moves the sole of the foot inward | inversion
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| Moves the sole of the foot outward | eversion
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| Muscular trauma caused by violent contraction or an excessive forcible stretch | strain
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| Narrow, slit-like opening | fissure
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| Noninvasive procedure that uses low-energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density and usually measures bones of the spine, hip, and forearm; also called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry | (mineral) bone density test
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| Nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide | scintigraphy
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| Opening or passage into a bone | meatus
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| Painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel | (CTS) carpal tunnel syndrome
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| Paralysis of the lower spine, lower portion of the trunk and both legs | paraplegia
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| Paralysis of the upper spine and all four extremities | quadriplegia
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| Partial or incomplete dislocation | subluxation
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| Partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or circulatory disease | amputation
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| Perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists | phantom limb
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| Pertaining to the bones of the fingers and toes | phalangeal
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| Pertaining to the femur and the tibia | femorotibial
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| Pertaining to under the sternum | substernal
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| Place of union between two or more bones; also called joint | articulation
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| Principle organs of support and protection in the body | bones
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| Procedure that restores a bone to its normal position | reduction
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| Procedures used to restrict movement, stabilize and protect a fracture, and facilitate the healing process | bone immobilization
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| Production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow | hematopoiesis
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| Prominent, rounded articulating end of a bone | head
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| Provide a broad surface for muscular attachment and protection for internal organs | flat bones
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| Puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid | arthrocentesis
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| Radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral and oblique views of the lower spine | lumbrosacral spinal radiography
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| Radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions | myelography
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| Radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures with injection of a contrast medium | discography
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| Reduction in which fractured bones place in their proper position during surgery | open (reduction)
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| Reduction in which fractured bones are realigned by manipulation rather than surgery | closed (reduction)
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| Refers to all of the contractile tissue of the body; two main tyes are voluntary and involuntary | muscular tissue
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| Relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation | salicylates
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| Relieve muscle spasms and stiffness | skeletal muscle relaxants
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| Replacement of a missing body part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity | prosthesis fitting
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| Revision surgery are often required to correct bone infection, misalignments of bones, broken prosthesis, and fractures of the bone around the prosthesis | bone revision Sx (symptom)
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| Round structure with a gelatinous mass in the center that separates the vertebrae | intravertabral disks
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| Rounded opening through a bone to accommodate blood vessels and nerves | foramen
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| Rounded, articulating knob | condyle
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| Rupture of a vertebral disk's center through its outer edge and back toward the spinal cord with pressure on the adjacent spinal nerve that results in pain, numbness, or weakness in one or both legs | herniated disk
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| Scintigraphy procedure in which radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into the bone | bone (scintigraphy)
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| Series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint | arthrography
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| Slightly moveable joints | amphiarthrosis
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| Small, rounded process | tubercle
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| Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle | torticollis
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| Stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion | anklyosis
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| Structures that contract providing movement of the bone | muscles
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| Surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace a worn out prosthesis | revision surgery
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| Surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement | arthroclasia
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| Surgical fixation of a kneecap | patellapexy
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| Surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis | (THR) total hip replacement
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| Tearing of a ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete | sprain
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| That which is done with control. Usually a striated muscle such as biceps | voluntary
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| That which occurs with no discretionary control usually a visceral muscle | involuntary
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| The breakage of a bone due to trauma or disease | fracture
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| The end or extremity of a bone | epiphysis
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| The first cervical vertebra that supports the skull | atlas
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| The five sacral vertebrae which are fused into a single bone | sacrum
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| The five vertebrae which are situated in the lower back which carry most of the weight of the torso | lumbar vertebrae
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| The large muscle of the back | latissimus dorsi
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| The large muscle of the buttocks | gluteus maximus
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| The lateral flaring portion of the hip bone; upper of the three parts of the hip bone | ilium
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| The lower part of the hip bone | ischium
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| The muscle(s) that produces the movement | agonist
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| The muscle(s) that relaxes in order to allow a movement | antagonist
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| The second cervical vertebra which provides rotation of the skull | axis
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| The seven vertebrae which form the skeletal framework of the neck | cervical vertebrae
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| The shaft or long main portion of the bone | diaphysis
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| The tail or vertebrae column consisting of four or five fused vertebrae (tailbone) | coccyx
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| The third portion of the hip bone that is situated in front of the bladder | pubis
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| The twelve vertebrae which support the chest and serve as a point of articulation for the ribs | thoracic vertebrae
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| The twenty-six bones which make up the adult vertebral column | vertebrae
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| To break a bone for therapeutic purposes | osteoclasis
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| Treat and prevent hypocalcemia | calcium supplements
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| Treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system | gold salts
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| Turns the palm down | pronation
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| Turns the palm up | supination
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| Use of electrical stimulation to diagnose the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them | EMG
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| Very large, irregularly shaped process found only in the femur | trochanter
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| Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope that contains a magnifying lens, fiberoptic light, and miniature camera that projects images on a monitor | arthroscopy
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